Clinical application analysis of perineal body reconstruction vaginal augmentation

The perineal body is located between the anus and the posterior end of the vaginal vestibule, where the anal levator muscle and many small functional muscles are attached, with the role of strengthening the pelvic floor to support the pelvic organs, which is easily damaged during childbirth; at the same time, estrogen levels and receptor decline can also lead to relaxation of the pelvic floor muscles and symptoms such as urinary incontinence and pelvic floor organ bulging. A significant decrease in the quality of sexual life is one of the main complaints of most patients requesting gynecologic surgery. The importance of the epididymis as a pelvic floor area is evident from the fact that it has been proposed and studied. It does not have a clear and obvious form and function like other organs of the body. The perineal body is composed of the intersection of the pelvic floor muscles and muscle bundles in their respective structural and functional formation, and its functional significance is more comprehensive than that of each muscle associated with this area. In women, the perineal body is wider and more powerful than in men because of the structure of the vagina and to compensate for the lack of strength of the external anal sphincter. It is physiologically necessary for expansion during childbirth, but it is also an anatomical weakness for women with symptoms related to pelvic floor muscle laxity. From the anatomical description of the perineal body in modern literature, it is clear that the perineal body is a three-dimensional structure made of interwoven pelvic floor muscle fibers, fascia, and tendons, and is not a simple accumulation of tissue layers. The superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles and the bulbocavernosus tendons are intertwined and healed, and the pubovaginal muscles and external anal sphincter are intertwined at different levels, making the perineal body like a tendon that links the pelvic floor muscles together. The strong stretching force during fetal delivery directly damages the integrity of the perineal tendons and the pelvic floor muscles, and there has been serious concern about the damage to the pelvic floor muscles and the subsequent hazards associated with it. Despite aggressive measures such as episiotomy and perineal protection during delivery, and despite the varying conditions of the maternal pelvic floor and the size of the fetus, one condition is bound to occur, namely the subsequent symptoms associated with pelvic floor injury during delivery. In gynecologic plastic surgery clinics, “decreased quality of sexual life” is the main complaint of most patients, and the corresponding anatomical change is vaginal laxity. The majority of patients have a collapsed perineal body that is continuous with the vaginal opening, accompanied by a lack of contraction and a posterior wall sulcus that can be detected when the vaginal opening is contracted, which is actually a partial loss of the perineal body structure. In addition to the natural decline of the pelvic floor muscles, birth injury should be one of the important factors. During labor the pelvic floor muscles are relatively wide and have a strong buffering capacity for pressure, and at the point where they are attached to the perineal body, there is a partial tear of the muscle fibers, while the smaller affects the stronger connecting fascial-like tissue. The damage to some of the muscle fibers also destroys the tensional integrity of the pelvic floor system, and if there is a lack of reasonable restorative exercise, degeneration of the pelvic muscles and related structures is inevitable. In the vicinity of the vaginal opening, the muscle tissues connected to the perineum are relatively small in size and have limited space for expansion. Even with protective measures, it is difficult to avoid injury and tearing during labor, and the point of injury is the perineal body, so degeneration of small muscle masses due to injury is unavoidable. The perineal body reconstruction vaginal tightening procedure introduced in this article repairs the connection between the related muscles and tendons centered on the perineal body, i.e., the adhesions and healing between the muscle fibers of each part of the bladder in the truncated position from outside to inside. At the same time, the stretched muscles are partially shortened in the transverse section of the pelvic floor. In the area of manipulation, the injured posterior vaginal wall segment of the perineal body is revealed after sharp separation between the vaginal mucosa and the levator ani muscle. The posterior wall sulcus is hard and inelastic, the result of external tearing, squeezing and stretching of the perineal body. The fascia and muscles left by the force are pulled back one by one from inside the vagina to heal again in the middle. The medial segment of the vagina focuses on the association of the large muscles with the perineal body and shortening of the lax muscles; the middle segment of the vagina focuses on the connection between the large and small muscles in the perineal body; the outer segment thickens the perineal body, reconstructs the perineal-vaginal intersection angle, and repairs the local collapse. With the increase of suture levels, the original perineal body structure, which had retreated to the lateral wall of the vagina, returns to its original position. The suture level varies according to the local situation, but the principle is that the posterior and lateral walls of the vagina should be tense and elastic, and the vaginal cavity should be significantly smaller than before. At the same time, the lax vaginal mucosa is treated by reshaping to reduce linear scarring and to fit with the perineal body reconstruction. This surgical method is designed to meet the structural characteristics of the perineal body, is simple to perform, is mildly invasive, and can be done on an outpatient basis, and patients are satisfied with the improved quality of sexual life after randomized return visits. Patients who had abortions were also satisfied with the quality of their sexual life. This procedure is more relevant for postpartum patients, especially for those who have severe obstetric injuries that have not been repaired in time or who have not performed postpartum restorative exercises, or who have poor results.