I believe that patients and family members with prediabetes are not unfamiliar with the disease term pulmonary hypertension. This question must not be very clear to many people. Today I will introduce you to the situation about pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is a type of pathophysiological syndrome in which the pulmonary vascular bed is involved by a variety of etiologies and the resistance of the pulmonary circulation increases progressively, eventually leading to right heart failure. There are more women than men with pulmonary hypertension, with a ratio of about 3 to 4:1, but in pediatric patients, there is no difference in the ratio of men to women. Pulmonary hypertension can involve people of all ages, including the elderly and young children, but the average age at the time of diagnosis is 36 years, with young patients being the most common. In patients/children with congenital heart disease, due to altered hemodynamics, pulmonary blood flow increases significantly, exceeding the storage capacity of the pulmonary vascular bed, and over time, this causes increased pulmonary arterial pressure. It should be noted that there are many causes of pulmonary hypertension other than congenital heart disease, and if no cause can be found, then it may be primary pulmonary hypertension, which requires medication to lower the pulmonary artery pressure. Patients with pulmonary hypertension usually have no obvious symptoms in the early stages and the most common clinical manifestation is exertional whistling difficulty. In 60% of patients with pulmonary hypertension, dyspnea is the chief complaint, while shortness of breath after activity is present in 98% of patients on examination. Therefore, the misdiagnosis rate is extremely high. Since pulmonary hypertension can be caused by a variety of diseases, it is also important to pay attention to the symptoms of related diseases. During the progression of the disease patients may also gradually develop swelling of the lower limbs, ascites, loss of appetite, increased blood volume, and increased fatigue. There is no specific cure for pulmonary hypertension, and the goal of treatment is to improve the patient’s symptoms and quality of life and to stop the progression of the disease. Traditional treatment options include anticoagulation, oxygenation, cardioplegia, diuretics and calcium antagonists, but with limited efficacy. Endothelin receptor antagonists, prostacyclin and phosphodiesterase inhibitors have been widely used internationally to effectively treat this disease, but these drugs are expensive and Chinese patients can hardly afford the cost themselves. Therefore, the whole society is urged to pay attention to this disease with a dangerous prognosis, early screening, early diagnosis and early treatment in order to contain the disease. Since it is such a dangerous disease, what are the main hazards and consequences of pulmonary hypertension? From the following aspects: (1) hypoxia: increased resistance to the flow of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs, the reduction of blood in the lungs, the reduction of oxygen uptake by the blood from the lungs, and can not meet the needs of the body, can cause shortness of breath and whistling difficulties, severe cases of whistling insufficiency and cyanosis. (2) Right heart insufficiency: The increased resistance of blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs increases the burden on the right ventricle, which can cause right ventricular hypertrophy and insufficiency, lower limb edema, hepatomegaly, ascites, cirrhosis and dyspepsia. (3) Tricuspid valve closure insufficiency and atrial fibrillation: With the increase of pulmonary artery pressure and the enlargement of the right ventricle right atrium, it can gradually cause tricuspid valve closure insufficiency and atrial fibrillation, further aggravating cardiac insufficiency. (4) Increase the difficulty and risk of treatment: After the occurrence of severe pulmonary hypertension, especially in those who develop whistling insufficiency and cyanosis, the difficulty and risk of treating the disease causing pulmonary hypertension increases, so that diseases that could have been cured by simple surgery (such as ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect and valve replacement) are deprived of full recovery or surgical opportunities, or they can only undergo combined heart-lung transplantation. (5) Prone to colds and pneumonia: either excessive blood in the pulmonary arteries or pulmonary venous stasis can damage the lung tissue, coupled with a decrease in systemic resistance after cardiac insufficiency, and prone to colds and pneumonia and fever, and often more persistent and difficult to cure, and pulmonary inflammation in turn aggravates pulmonary hypertension. (6) Poor growth and development: Due to hypoxia, cardiac insufficiency and frequent colds and pneumonia, children often have poor appetite, decreased nutritional status, and are thin, and show no weight gain in infancy and childhood, and lag behind children of the same age in growth and development. (7) Acute left heart insufficiency: In severe pulmonary hypertension, especially pulmonary hypertension crisis, the blood from the right heart is blocked from entering the lungs, so the amount of blood returning to the left heart is reduced, and the perfusion pressure of the body circulation, especially the coronary artery, is lowered, resulting in acute left heart insufficiency, hypotension, arrhythmia and sudden death. Knowing these hazards of pulmonary hypertension, we hope to draw your high attention to the fact that pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease is mainly caused by intracardiac shunts, and the incidence of combined pulmonary hypertension in patients with non-surgical congenital heart disease is 30%, while the incidence of combined pulmonary hypertension in patients treated by surgery is about 15%. According to our clinical observation, the possibility of pulmonary hypertension is not high in congenital heart disease treated early, so once again, parents of children with precocious heart disease must strive for the earliest possible treatment for their children!