The importance of neurosurgery in neurointerventional medicine

  Since the beginning of the 1970s, neurosurgical endovascular interventions have been carried out abroad, there has been a rapid development of neurosurgical endovascular interventions, and some intracranial aneurysms and cerebrovascular malformations that originally required craniotomy have been treated with microcatheter interventions to achieve a satisfactory cure without craniotomy, and endovascular thrombolysis, endoluminal vasodilatation and endovascular stent placement for ischemic diseases. The treatment of ischemic diseases can be performed by endovascular thrombolysis, endoluminal vasodilatation and endovascular stent placement. Neurointerventional treatment can not only treat intracranial vascular diseases and save patients from surgical pain, but also enable many difficult and intractable diseases in neurosurgery to be clearly diagnosed and treated, and in some complex cerebrovascular diseases, the conditions for surgical treatment can be created through neurointerventional treatment first. With the increasing maturity of endovascular treatment technology, the scope of endovascular embolization treatment is expanding, and the improvement of endovascular embolization materials and the progress of imaging have a great relationship with the development of interventional neuroradiology, and the improvement of embolization materials makes the indications for endovascular interventional treatment expand and the effect improve continuously.  After the introduction of the new Philips DSA in 2006, our department has kept pace with the times and carried out a series of cerebrovascular diseases with special features: 1) embolization of intracranial aneurysm, 2) embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 3) balloon occlusion of internal carotid artery cavernous sinus arteriovenous aneurysm (CCF), 4) stent dilatation of carotid artery and vertebral artery stenosis, local arterial placement chemotherapy for intracranial tumor and imaging +A series of endovascular interventions for various cerebrovascular diseases and other intracranial diseases, such as embolization + surgery, have achieved satisfactory results. However, due to the high cost of preliminary treatment, many patients cannot afford the medical expenses, and secondly, the industry system is not standardized, and the neurosurgery, neurology and interventional departments work separately, so whoever catches the patient will do it, resulting in a waste of resources, leading to a low level of treatment, not forming a brand effect, and also hiding a great danger.  In fact, neurointervention is a high-risk and highly technically demanding specialty. The discipline of neurointervention has been summarized in one sentence: it is like walking on thin ice, like facing an abyss! People engaged in this work should have considerable theoretical preparation and practical experience, including solid neuroanatomy, neurophysiological foundation, professional clinical experience in neurosurgery, as well as a very high level of interventional imaging, and very tacit cooperation between neurologists, imaging physicians and imaging technologists in order to develop relatively well. In the U.S. and Japan, neurointerventionists need to obtain a neurosurgery certificate and then go through 5-10 years of clinical experience before they are qualified to work as interventionalists. The neurointerventionist must first understand which patients should be DSA examination, and what preparation is needed before doing so, such as ultrasound, MRA examination, etc. After all, DSA is invasive, and some complications may occur during the examination, but the main thing is to quickly decide whether to take endovascular treatment or craniotomy through DSA imaging, and this is where the neurosurgeon’s comprehensive professional quality and technical advantages lie. This is where the neurosurgeon’s comprehensive specialty and technical advantages lie.  Cerebrovascular disease should be the jewel in the crown of neurosurgery! The strength of neurosurgery lies in hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease (aneurysms, cerebral and spinal vascular malformations, arteriovenous fistulas, etc.). Neurointervention is not only the strong point of neurosurgery, but undoubtedly, neurosurgery is the strong foundation and guarantee of interventional treatment – craniotomy, intracranial aneurysm clamping, vascular malformation resection, surgical treatment of various hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebrovascular diseases such as atherosclerotic cerebral ischemia and smoker’s disease. Intraoperative cerebral angiography, neuronavigation, intraoperative ultrasound, cerebral blood flow monitoring, intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring, etc. guarantee and reduce the degree of risk occurring during the intervention while treating the disease, minimize the occurrence of postoperative complications, and improve the quality of patient’s survival. patients under 60 years old with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage are responsible for the first neurosurgical consultation If the patient is over 60 years old and has chronic diseases such as hypertension, a CT scan of the head should be performed to exclude intracranial hemorrhage and the patient should be admitted to the neurology department for relevant treatment and disposal. Patients who need surgical craniotomy or interventional surgery can also be transferred from neurology to neurology for symptomatic and rehabilitation treatment after surgery, which is part of the so-called green channel. In today’s rapidly developing medical science, we believe that with the continuous pursuit and efforts of doctors, the majority of patients can benefit from the best treatment and healing.