Neuroendoscopy, specifically an endoscope applied to the treatment of brain diseases. What is endoscopy? Endoscopy is an endoscope (including gastroscope, enteroscope, tracheoscope, laparoscope, etc.), which is an optical instrument that can enter the body through the natural or invasive cavities of the body for diagnostic testing and treatment. What is the classification of endoscopes? The endoscopes currently used in clinical applications are classified mainly according to their use, and are classified according to the different parts of the body reached by the endoscope: ear, nose and throat endoscopy, sinusoscopy, dental endoscopy, neuroendoscopy, urethral cystoscopy, gastroscopy, laparoscopy, and arthroscopy. The most advanced endoscope is the da Vinci robotic endoscope. What is neuroendoscopy? As the name implies, endoscopes used for neurological examination and treatment are neuroendoscopes. Neuroendoscopic technology is a prominent representative of the concept of “minimally invasive neurosurgery”, which is widely used to treat neurological diseases with the advantages of less trauma, higher safety, faster recovery and lower cost. What are the indications for neuroendoscopy? The following diseases are most suitable for neuroendoscopic treatment: 1) most hydrocephalus; 2) intracranial arachnoid cysts; 3) hyaline septal cysts; 4) intraventricular and paraventricular cysts; 5) most pituitary tumors; 6) hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage; 7) cerebrospinal fluid nasal leakage; 8) optic nerve entrapment syndrome. And now for the surgical treatment of skull base tumors, neuroendoscopic techniques are gradually surpassing the conventional microscopic techniques and are one of the main directions of neuroendoscopic development.