1.Overview 1.Vertigo is mainly a sensation (motion hallucination) that is not objectively present but is subjectively believed to be spinning and rolling in a certain direction. 2. Dizziness is mainly a feeling of intermittent swaying and instability in the midst of movement or vision, such as walking, sitting, and lying. 3. Dizziness is mainly a feeling of persistent dizziness or confusion in the mind. In fact, they are three different pathological sensory experiences (clinical symptoms) caused by different target organ damage and pathogenesis, which are subjective signs that people can personally feel. According to the knowledge of anatomy and physiology, the damaged target organ of vertigo should be the nervous system between the vestibular projection area of the brain and the hemipelvic crest of the vagus of the inner ear, which is in charge of the balance function in the movement such as body turning. When artificial factors such as auto-torsion or semicircular canal function test or lesions cause excessive, decreased or bilateral loss of symmetry, and exceed the brain’s ability to regulate, it will cause vertigo attacks and accompanying symptoms and signs such as nausea and vomiting, nystagmus and unsteadiness or tilting, and its location and degree can be examined by various clinical and laboratory methods. The target organs of dizziness are the proprioceptive, visual, otolithic (in charge of balance in static and linear motion) and other related (mainly neurological) systems, and a sense of self-swaying instability is caused by distorted or inconsistent afferent information from these single or multiple peripheral sensory nerves, which exceeds the brain’s ability to regulate them. The location and extent of the lesion can be examined by a variety of clinical and laboratory methods, respectively. The target organ of dizziness is the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for the higher neural activity of human beings. The overall weakening of the cortical functions (excitability, inhibition, and flexibility of the interconversion and induction of the two) caused by various organic and functional diseases or long-term cerebral overwork causes a feeling of persistent dizziness and lack of clear analysis. It can be seen from the above that vertigo, dizziness and lightheadedness are three different clinical signs caused by damage to different target organs, and if they are not differentiated in clinical diagnosis, it will lead to wrong localization of the lesion and wrong treatment. The pathogenesis of vertigo, dizziness and lightheadedness is different. The vestibular system constantly sends “false” messages to the cerebral cortex that the body is turning or tumbling, which induces the cerebral cortex to make wrong judgments and modulations. The onset of dizziness is mainly caused by a single or combined lesion of proprioception, vision or otolaryngology, resulting in distorted and uncoordinated information afferent from a single or multiple systems of peripheral sensory nerves, as well as a sense of swaying instability in linear motion or visual objects caused by uncontrolled brain regulation, with dizziness appearing or intensifying only during motion or visual objects, and the symptoms alleviating or disappearing automatically once the activity or visual object is stopped, sitting, lying down or closing the eyes. When proprioceptive or (and) otolithic sensory dysfunction occurs, as long as the visual function is normal, symptoms may not appear when the eyes are open, but once the eyes are closed or in a dark place, dizziness and balance disturbance can occur, suggesting the important role of visual compensatory function in the body’s activities. Dizziness is mainly caused by a decrease in cortical excitability, strength of inhibition, flexibility and persistence of interconversion and mutual induction, as well as internal and external reactivity and persistence. It is a clinical symptom caused by a general decrease or weakening of the overall cortical function, and dizziness is persistent, sometimes light and sometimes heavy, and can be aggravated by rest, stress relief and mood improvement. As can be seen from the above, because of the differences in the target organs and pathogenesis of the three damaged, the functional examination methods and treatment principles are different, if we can strengthen the differentiation between the three, it will help to reduce mis-treatment and improve the efficacy.