I. Overview Dizziness is a sensation (motion hallucination) that occurs when you are convinced that you or (and) external objects are spinning and rolling in a certain direction. Dizziness is mainly a feeling of intermittent shaking of oneself in the midst of movement or vision such as walking, sitting, or lying. Dizziness is mainly a feeling of persistent dizziness or confusion, which is actually caused by different target organ damage and pathogenesis of three different pathological sensory experiences (clinical symptoms), which are subjective signs that people can personally feel. The misunderstanding of diagnosis and treatment is caused by the long term confusion and mutual misuse of the three signs. According to the knowledge of anatomy and physiology, the damaged target organ of vertigo should be the nervous system between the vestibular projection area of the brain and the hemipelvic crest of the vagus of the inner ear, which is in charge of the balance function in the movement such as body turning. When artificial factors such as automatic body turning or semicircular canal function test or lesions cause excessive, decreased or bilateral loss of symmetry, and exceed the brain’s ability to regulate, it will cause vertigo attacks and accompanying symptoms and signs such as nausea and vomiting, nystagmus and unstable standing or tilting, and its location and degree of lesions can be examined by various clinical and laboratory methods. The target organs of dizziness are the proprioceptive, visual, otolithic (in charge of balance in static and linear motion) and other related (mainly neurological) systems, and a sense of self-swaying instability is caused by distorted or inconsistent afferent information from these single or multiple peripheral sensory nerves, which exceeds the brain’s ability to regulate them. The location and extent of the lesion can be examined by a variety of clinical and laboratory methods, respectively. The target organ of dizziness is the cerebral cortex, which is responsible for the higher neural activity of human beings. The overall weakening of cortical functions (excitability, inhibition, and flexibility of the interconversion and induction of the two) caused by various organic and functional diseases or long-term brain overwork, causes a persistent feeling of dizziness and lack of clarity. From the above, we can see that vertigo, dizziness and lightheadedness are actually three different clinical signs caused by different target organs, and failure to differentiate them in clinical diagnosis will lead to wrong localization of the lesion and wrong treatment. The pathogenesis of vertigo, dizziness and lightheadedness is different. The pathogenesis of vertigo is mainly caused by the artificial (transposition and examination of the function of the semicircular canal) or lesion damage to the different parts of the nervous system from the ridge of the semicircular canal to the cerebral cortex, resulting in increased excitability or decreased excitability on one side or both sides and/or serious asymmetry of bilateral functions. “The onset of dizziness is mainly caused by single or combined lesions of proprioception, visual or otolithic sensation, resulting in distorted and uncoordinated information afferent from a single or multiple systems of peripheral sensory nerves, as well as a sense of linear motion or visual objects caused by uncontrolled brain regulation. The dizziness appears or intensifies only during movement or visualization, and may decrease or disappear automatically once the movement or visualization is stopped, after sitting, lying down or closing the eyes. When proprioceptive or (and) otolithic sensory dysfunction occurs, as long as the visual function is normal, symptoms may not appear when the eyes are open, but once the eyes are closed or in a dark place, dizziness and balance disturbance can occur, suggesting the important role of visual compensatory function in the body’s activities. Dizziness is mainly caused by a decrease in cortical excitability, strength of inhibition, flexibility and persistence of interconversion and mutual induction, as well as internal and external reactivity and persistence. It is a clinical symptom caused by a general decrease or weakening of the overall cortical function, and dizziness is persistent, sometimes light and sometimes heavy, and can be aggravated by rest, stress relief and mood improvement. As can be seen from the above, because of the differences in the target organs and pathogenesis of the three damaged, the functional examination methods and treatment principles are different, if we can strengthen the differentiation between the three, it will help to reduce mis-treatment and improve the efficacy.