Optic neuritis refers to a variety of inflammatory lesions involving the optic nerve and is the most common blinding optic nerve disease in young and middle-aged adults. However, the pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment, and outcome of optic neuritis vary by etiology. Optic neuritis is classified by etiology into the following categories: 1. idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis (IDON) 2. optic neuromyelitis optica-associated optic neuritis (NMO-ON). 3. infectious and infection-related optic neuritis. 4, autoimmune related optic neuritis Main clinical manifestations of optic neuritis 1, monocular or bilateral subacute visual acuity loss, color vision impairment is more severe, some patients have eye pain or eye turn pain. 2, Visual field damage with larger central dark spot and fat central dark spot is more common. 3, VEP examination is mainly characterized by (P100 or N2 latency delay). 4, Pupillary abnormalities: apparent relative afferent pupillary dysfunction (RAPD). Treatment There are differences in treatment protocols for different types of optic neuritis: 1. Idiopathic demyelinating optic neuritis is treated with a standardized high-dose hormone shock (sedative methylprednisolone) and subsequent gradual dose reduction, supplemented by microcirculatory improvement and nerve-nourishing drugs, and most visual acuity can be restored to near normal. 2, clear optic neuromyelitis optica and autoimmune related optic neuritis need to be treated with immunosuppressive drugs in addition to hormone shock therapy. Some patients with multiple episodes and poor treatment results can recover better with plasma exchange therapy. 3. Infections and infection-related optic neuritis require concurrent treatment of the primary disease. In conclusion, optic neuritis is a more complex type of optic nerve disease. The clinical features and treatment options differ for optic neuritis of different etiologies.