Mycoplasma is the smallest and simplest protozoa, which can grow on artificial media. Human mycoplasmas include a variety of species, including Mycoplasma solium (Uu), Mycoplasma humanum (Mh), and Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg), which are associated with genitourinary diseases. It is generally accepted that Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) causes 30%-50% of cases of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), and 10%-20% of cases are caused by Mycoplasma solani and Mycoplasma genitalium, while the pathogenic role of Mycoplasma solani in NGU is currently controversial and the pathogenic role of Mycoplasma genitalium in NGU is of increasing interest. The clinical presentation is mainly mucopurulent cervicitis, and patients are often asymptomatic. Those with symptoms usually present with increased vaginal discharge, mucopurulent, postcoital bleeding, or intermenstrual bleeding. If associated with urethritis, there may be difficulty urinating, urgency, and frequency of urination. Visual examination reveals purulent cervical canal discharge, cervical erythema, mucosal ectasia, and increased friability. In studies of cervicitis pathogens, it has been found that Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) can be detected in a proportion of patients with cervicitis who are negative for Chlamydia trachomatis. The pathogenic role of Mycoplasma solani is controversial due to its high carriage rate in healthy populations. Currently, it is considered that the diagnosis of Uu-infected cervicitis is made in the presence of signs and symptoms of cervicitis, with positive Uu cultures and no other pathogenic organisms detected. Without signs and symptoms of cervicitis, positive Uu cultures are considered normal Uu carriers and do not require treatment. Mycoplasma hominis is one of the recognized pathogens of bacterial vaginosis, and studies have shown a correlation between cervical detection of Mycoplasma hominis and pelvic inflammatory disease. Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) has been found to travel up the fallopian tubes, but the relationship with tubal inflammation needs further study. Most clinical studies have concluded that intervention and treatment of patients with Mycoplasma solani detected in the lower genital tract during pregnancy is not needed. In contrast, detection of Mh in mid-pregnancy suggests a significantly higher risk of preterm delivery. the detection rate of Mg in pregnant women is low (0.7-3.9%) and is not significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery. The main methods of mycoplasma detection commonly used in clinical practice are culture and PCR methods. In vitro isolation and culture of reproductive mycoplasma is extremely difficult, and PCR is the most common means of studying Mg.