1.What is contact dermatitis? Contact dermatitis is an allergic reaction to contact with something that causes many small bumps on the skin, and when it is strong, even small blisters, large blisters, and running water can appear. Contact dermatitis is very characteristic in that it is a rash that develops only where it comes into contact, and it is particularly consistent with the range of things it comes into contact with. For example, if someone is allergic to wearing red shorts, then the shape of his rash is a “shorts” of the same size and shape as the original shorts, except that the “shorts” are made up of small bumps that grow on the skin. 2. Is contact dermatitis a skin disease? The actual fact is that it’s not a good idea to have a good time. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a couple of hours to get a lot more than just a couple of hours. The actual fact is that there is no doubt that contact dermatitis is also a skin disease. Many people think that all skin diseases are contagious, but this is not true. Most skin diseases are not contagious, but only a few are contagious to others. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of the most popular and popular items. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of the most popular and popular items. Does it hurt? Most people with contact dermatitis feel itchy in the area where the bumps are, but if the contact is something very irritating, such as sulfuric acid, strong alkalis, etc., the contact area will have a burning painful feeling. 4.It is said that if you have a skin disease, you need to avoid eating, does contact dermatitis need to avoid eating? The idea that you need to avoid eating if you have a skin disease is unfounded. The actual fact is that there are very few skin diseases that need to be avoided, and those that are not related to diet do not need to be avoided at all. Contact dermatitis is a skin disease that is not related to food, so there is no need to avoid eating. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of the most popular and most popular items. The first thing that we need to pay attention to is to stay away from this kind of things, but also pay attention not to use hot water to wash, not to scratch, it is best not to smear the medicine, if these aspects are noted still not good, it is necessary to go to the hospital. 6.Dyeing hair allergy belongs to contact dermatitis? Can I dye it again? Hair dye allergy is a very common type of contact dermatitis, it is because of a certain component of the hair dye, most patients are allergic to paraphenylenediamine in the hair dye, hair dye in the scalp, and even in the face, neck and other places in contact with goose bumps, blisters, water, serious people will swell up the whole head and face, especially around the eyes, where the skin is more relaxed is the most serious, sometimes so swollen that you can not open your eyes. People who are allergic to hair dye try not to dye their hair again, because if they dye again it will be more serious than once, which is related to the body’s allergic reaction to the hair dye constantly strengthening. 7.What are the things that can easily cause contact dermatitis? There are many things that can cause contact dermatitis, the most common ones are animal, plant and chemical. The animal ones such as caterpillar, the poisonous hair of spotted cypress, animal skin and feathers. Plant-based such as: lacquer tree, nettle, pyrethrum, ginkgo, bone fungus, cat’s eye grass, etc. Chemical variety such as: nickel, chromium and other metal products; soap, washing powder, leather, plastic, rubber products and other daily life products; hair dye, spices, lipstick, oil paint and other cosmetics; safflower oil, red salve, cool oil, rubber ointment, antibiotic ointment and other topical drugs as well as gasoline, motor oil, fuel and other chemical materials. All of these things tend to cause contact dermatitis, but not everyone who comes into contact with them will develop it, which has a lot to do with personal sensitivity. Some people may not be allergic to anything they touch, while others may be allergic to many things. 8. What is diaper dermatitis? What can I do if I get diaper dermatitis? Diaper dermatitis also belongs to contact dermatitis, which occurs in infants. The main reason is that diapers are not changed diligently, and the ammonia produced by ammonia-producing bacteria decomposing urine can irritate the skin and cause dermatitis. Its rash is consistent with the way and extent of diaper dressing, in the pubic area, buttocks, sometimes extending to the thigh roots and lower abdomen. The lesions are large flushed, small bumps, and if treatment is delayed, pustules and even breakouts can occur. In recent years, diaper dermatitis is becoming more and more common in infants due to the large number of diapers used by some young parents to save time and effort, so what to do if you have diaper dermatitis? First of all, you should pay attention to changing diapers at any time, wash your buttocks regularly, keep your pubic buttocks clean, wash with less soap, don’t wrap diapers with plastic or rubber cloth, and keep your buttocks dry. You can wipe some zinc oxide oil or use some weak corticosteroids such as Euthyrox topically. 9.What is cosmetic dermatitis? How to avoid cosmetic dermatitis? As the standard of living continues to improve, more and more beauty lovers, more and more cosmetics are bought, but the problems that follow are also increasing, the face is inexplicably itchy, peeling, red and swollen, and serious bumps and blisters can appear. It was only when I went to the hospital that I learned that I had cosmetic dermatitis. It turns out that it is caused by an allergy to certain ingredients in cosmetics such as fragrance, benzoic acid, benzoin, benzyl alcohol, eugenol and so on. In order to avoid cosmetic dermatitis, a simple way is to put a little on the inside of your arm or behind your ear and observe for three days, if there is nothing uncomfortable, it is safe to use. You can also go to the hospital to do a patch test, if it is negative you can use, if it is positive it is best not to wipe the face, bring the hospital to show the certificate can also be returned to this discomfort and your cosmetics. 10.What is eczema? Is eczema a damp poison? Eczema is a common skin condition which is an inflammatory reaction of the skin caused by the interaction of several causes. The causes of eczema are very complex and are related to allergic reactions in the body. Eczema tends to occur symmetrically. The most striking feature of eczema is that it is itchy, and patients often have to scratch their skin before it hurts. In the acute phase, in addition to the bumps, the skin surface is also runny. In the chronic phase, the skin often becomes thick and rough. Another characteristic of eczema is that it is very recurrent, and if the cause is not removed, the rash does not heal easily. The boundaries of eczema are not clear, unlike contact dermatitis. The “wet” in eczema is a Chinese medical term for one of the six evils, the so-called wet is one of the causative factors of external diseases, eczema is “due to wind, damp, heat in the skin”, not the advertised poison in the body. 11, since eczema is caused by a variety of causes, then what are the common causes? Eczema is caused by a variety of internal and external factors. These include internal factors, such as chronic infectious diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, mental stress, menstrual disorders, pregnancy and genetic factors. It also includes external causes, such as fish, shrimp, beef and mutton food; pollen, house dust mites, and other inhalants; our living environment like sunlight, heat, animal fur, and some chemicals, such as cosmetics, soap, synthetic fibers, etc. 12.What part of the body is eczema found in? Eczema can occur anywhere on the body, most commonly on the head, face, behind the ears, forearms, lower legs, hands, feet, scrotum, female vulva, and anus. It often occurs symmetrically. In severe cases or with improper treatment, the rash can appear all over the body. Of course, the most common or confined to a particular part of the eczema. 13.What is ear eczema? Ear eczema is a common type of eczema that often occurs in the folds behind both ears and can appear as peeling, greasy crusts, running water, and very painful when split open. Eczema of the ear eye is often manifested as a particularly large amount of ear wax and itchy, which is mainly caused by the fungal stimulation of some contamination in the ear eye, but also partly caused by otitis media. 14.What is breast eczema? It occurs on the nipples, areolas and the skin around them. The lesions are brownish red, the borders are not very clear, there are obvious vesicles, thin crusts and peeling on the surface, the sensation is itchy, and the nipples can be cracked and painful if breastfeeding continues. Most patients heal easily when they stop breastfeeding. If it is not good for a long time or if there is a rash on only one side of the nipple, then you should go to the hospital for examination and make sure to rule out eczema-like cancer of the breast. 15.What is eczema of the pubic area (scrotum, vulva, anus)? Eczema of the pubic area is a common type of eczema that is chronic and recurrent for many years. The skin of the pubic area becomes thick, the surface is dry and rough, it feels very itchy, and often the skin of the pubic area becomes red, swollen, flowing and broken because of excessive scratching and hot water. If eczema of the pubic area is not cured for a long time, you should be alert to eczema-like cancer outside the breast. 16.Is it eczema if my hands peel? What is the difference with ringworm? The eczema on the hands can appear as peeling hands, but peeling hands are not necessarily eczema. Most eczema on the hands is symmetrical and occurs on the back of the fingers and fingertips, and can spread to the back of the hands and wrists, with unclear borders, sometimes there are flakes of peeling skin on both hands, and the hands become rough and thick with a long course of the disease, and dry and cracked when the hands move and cause pain. Therefore, it is possible that eczema is present on the hands, but it should be distinguished from other hand diseases, such as tinea cruris, herpes sweat, and palmoplantar pustulosis. It is most often distinguished from ringworm. When you have ringworm, your hands will also peel, but most of them are first affected by one hand, aggravated in summer and reduced in winter, and the rash has very clear borders that expand in a circle, and you can also get small blisters and bumps. If you scrape a little skin on the peeling area and put it under a microscope, you can see the fungal hyphae. Ringworm can be transmitted to others, while eczema is not contagious. 17. Do I need to avoid eating with eczema? What do I need to be aware of when I get eczema? The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who have been in the business for a long time. What should we pay attention to if we have eczema? The first thing to do is to find out what causes eczema or aggravates it. For example, some people are exposed to dust, eczema is aggravated; some people wear chemical fiber clothing, the rash aggravated; some people have indigestion, eczema will also aggravate …… and so on. If you can find the cause, we find ways to avoid it, eczema will be easy to cure. The actual fact is that it is very difficult to find the cause of the problem, which needs to be slowly figured out in everyday life. The second thing to note when you get eczema is that you should never scratch hard or use hot water to wash. If the itch is severe, you can take some antihistamines, such as paracetamol, under the guidance of your doctor. If the rash is small, you can apply some hormonal creams. If it doesn’t work, then you should go to the hospital to see a doctor. 18. Is atopic dermatitis hereditary? What kind of disease is it? The name suggests that the rash looks like eczema and is related to genetics. People with atopic dermatitis are often born with allergies, and at least one of their parents or grandparents had allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, etc. Atopic dermatitis is also an allergic disease that occurs mainly in children and adolescents. In addition to having allergies, patients are often allergic to a particular protein, such as milk, fish, shrimp, eggs, etc. If you go to the hospital, you will find an increase in antibodies called IgE in the blood, and an increase in eosinophilic leukocytes specifically related to allergic reactions. 19. Why are some children with different rashes called atopic dermatitis? Atopic dermatitis has the above characteristics in addition to different manifestations at different ages. It has three stages: during infancy (0 to 1 year old), the rash occurs mainly on the face, forehead and scalp, and is also called infantile eczema because it looks like eczema. It is very itchy and often causes babies to cry and sleep badly. In childhood (1 to 14 years old), the rash occurs mostly on the elbow sockets, knee sockets, and the extensor surfaces of the lower legs, and is characterized by dry bumps, peeling and thickening of the skin. The third stage is youth and adulthood, when most of the rash is more limited and also tends to occur on the elbow and knee fossae, front and side of the neck. The face. Therefore, the manifestations of atopic dermatitis are different at different ages. What can I do if my child has atopic dermatitis? The best way is to find out the cause of the disease, but this is often difficult. Therefore, the main focus of atopic dermatitis should be to reduce its triggers in order to alleviate symptoms or relieve them. The first thing is to try to avoid external stimuli, wear loose and soft clothes, cotton clothing is better, chemical fiber, wool, silk and other clothing do not directly contact the skin; do not use hot water to scald, try not to scratch and friction; living environment should be appropriate, pay attention to the house not too hot, keep clean, reduce the house dust, mites, hair stimulation. Do not eat food that can aggravate the disease, if indigestion or dry stool, you can eat some lactase, honey, etc. Pay attention to skin moisturizing and protection, rub oil-based skin care products regularly to reduce the dry state of the skin and strengthen the barrier function of the skin. In addition to the above daily life need to pay attention to, you can also take oral antihistamines, vitamins, and mast cell membrane stabilization drugs. Apply some coal tar preparations, hormonal creams. Of course, these need to be used under the guidance of a doctor. 21. Is “rubella” rubella? Is it contagious? The “rubella” is actually a medical term for urticaria, not rubella, and is a completely different disease from rubella. It is also an allergic disease, because the body is allergic to many things, the small blood vessels in the skin and mucous membranes dilate, causing water and other substances in the blood vessels to seep into the tissue, resulting in limited edema of the skin and mucous membranes. The large red or white bumps that we often see – puffy bumps – appear. The borders of these large bumps are often clear, but they can also fuse into a large area when the condition is severe. Patients often feel very itchy. In addition to skin symptoms, some people may also experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, breathlessness, panic attacks, and in severe cases, even hypotensive shock. Therefore, you should not be careless when you get hives and should go to the hospital in time. Because urticaria is a disease related to allergies, it is related to the individual’s constitution and is not contagious. Unlike rubella, it is not contagious to others. 22.After having a good meal, you get a windy body, why is this? This is called peptone urticaria. When eating large fish and drinking a lot of alcohol, the peptone in the food is absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract without being digested, thus causing skin eruptions, redness, and often accompanied by headaches and weakness. But don’t worry, this kind of hives last for a relatively short time, usually one to two days will disappear. 23.Does vaccination cause hives? Vaccinations may cause hives, but not all vaccinations do. This is not only related to the purity of the vaccine, but also to the individual’s constitution. In addition to vaccinations that can cause hives, blood transfusions and medications can also cause hives. Most hives caused by these things are accompanied by fever, joint pain, and swollen lymph nodes. This type of urticaria is called serous urticaria. In severe cases, it can also be accompanied by kidney damage. 24.What is cutaneous scarring? A person can have a strong physiological reaction to a weak mechanical stimulus, such as a tight belt, socks, or scratched skin with itching. Many people have experienced skin scratching. It is also a type of urticaria. Often no obvious cause is found. 25. When it rains and cools down, there are a lot of people who get hives, why? This is called cold urticaria, which is due to the body’s allergy to cold. People of any age can develop it suddenly. When you swim in cold water or get wet, you can suddenly get a cluster of hives on your face, hands, or even other areas, and in severe cases it can be accompanied by systemic symptoms of shock, such as headache, flushed skin, low blood pressure, or even fainting. This phenomenon can disappear on its own after a few months or years. 26.Can I get hives when my skin is hot? Yes, this kind of hives is called heat urticaria. It often occurs within a few minutes of localized heat and tends to recur. This is probably because the heat causes the cell membrane of the skin called “mast cells” to rupture, which releases the histamine inside the cells and produces hives. 27.What is angioedema? Is it the same as urticaria? Angioedema, also known as giant urticaria, has the same pathogenesis as urticaria, but the skin manifestations are different. People with angioedema will suddenly feel their lips swell up inexplicably, and in severe cases, even their eyes, ears, and tongue will swell up, and the shape of their face will often change, looking like someone’s face has been swollen, except that the color of the skin does not change or is slightly red. Such edema can also occur in the foreskin. The edematous area is a little numb and sometimes a little itchy, but not too much. Usually this edema will subside on its own in 2 to 3 days, and it will not leave any marks after it subsides. However, if the edema occurs in the throat, then we should pay attention to it. Because the throat is swollen, it is easy to breathe, and it can be life-threatening in serious cases. 28.What is papular urticaria? Does it have anything to do with the season? Papular urticaria, as the name implies, is a rash that looks a bit like hives, a small bump like a windbreak, the size of a green bean to a peanut, some of which have a small blister on top. Children are prone to this disease and often find scattered or piles of small bumps on their arms and legs. They feel very itchy, and sometimes the child is so itchy that he or she cannot sleep. Vigorous scratching can also lead to secondary bacterial infections. Papular urticaria is often associated with small insect bites, such as mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, and mites, which can cause the disease in children. The reason is that after being bitten by insects, the body is allergic and caused by it. Because there are more mosquitoes in the spring and autumn, so papular urticaria in the spring and autumn season more. 29.Some people have several children with papular urticaria at the same time, is it contagious? Papular urticaria is also an allergic disease, so it is not contagious, but why do several children in the same family get papular urticaria at the same time? It is because the child is bitten by the same insect in the same environment and the rash appears. 30.What should I do if I have papular urticaria? First of all, you should pay attention to your surroundings and personal hygiene to eliminate bedbugs, mosquitoes, lice, fleas and other insects. You can put on some glyburide lotion or hormone cream. If secondary infection has occurred, you should apply some anti-inflammatory ointment, such as Bactrim, erythromycin ointment. If you are itching a lot, you can take a little antihistamine, such as paracetamol. Generally, papular urticaria can subside in 1 to 2 weeks, sometimes leaving transient hyperpigmentation. The actual fact is that there are more and more people getting drug rashes in recent years, so what kind of disease is it? It is true that the incidence of drug rash has been increasing in recent years due to the abuse of drugs, especially antibiotics. So, what is drug rash? A drug rash is a small bump on the skin caused by an allergic reaction to a drug that has entered the body. Medications can enter the body in many ways, such as medications, injections, and infusions, which can cause drug rashes. Drug rashes can have a variety of skin manifestations, including erythema, blisters, peeling, bleeding spots, and bumps. In some patients, multiple lesions can appear on the skin at the same time. Most of these rashes are very itchy. Severe patients may also have fever, headache, lack of desire to eat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. If the medication is stopped in time and proper treatment is given, the drug rash can usually subside in about 2 weeks. 32. Since drug rashes can look different, how do you know you have drug rash? Although the appearance of drug rash is diverse, it has its own characteristics and there are still rules to follow. First, there must be a clear history of drug use before the skin rash starts. Many patients take medication because of a cold, fever, diarrhea, etc. About 7 to 10 days later, the original illness clears up, but small bumps start to appear on the skin. The rash of drug rash is also very characteristic, heavier on the front chest and back, and slightly lighter on the arms and legs. The rash starts on the back and front of the body first, then on the arms and legs, and usually on all the skin of the body. The rash of drug rash is particularly itchy, which is also a characteristic of it. The accompanying systemic symptoms (such as fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, etc.) are consistent with the severity of the rash. When the rash is severe, the accompanying symptoms are also severe, and when the rash is mild, the accompanying symptoms are also mild. If you have a rash on your body with the above characteristics, then you should be highly suspicious of drug rash and should go to the hospital to have your doctor confirm the diagnosis and give the appropriate treatment. 33. Are all adverse drug reactions drug rash? Of course not, there are many kinds of adverse drug reactions, drug rash is only one of them, is a kind of drug reactions related to allergic reactions. Adverse drug reactions include the following: the first is the drug overdose, the amount of drugs eaten more than the amount that should be eaten. For example, some people take a bottle of sleeping pills, the original sedative-hypnotic effect of the drug on the person turned into a high degree of depression of the brain, and even caused death. This adverse reaction is called drug overdose; the second is intolerance, that is, after the patient took a certain drug body can not tolerate; the third is idiopathic adverse drug reactions, that is, after using a certain drug, caused by the body’s reaction, but what the reason can not be found; the fourth is the side effects, is the drug into the body, in addition to the treatment of a disease, but also can cause other body discomfort, which is related to This is related to the pharmacological effect of the drug itself; the fifth is the secondary effect; and the sixth is the allergic reaction. Drug rash is the most common type of allergic reaction, so that the adverse drug reactions are not all drug rash. 34.What should I do if I have a drug rash? The majority of drug rashes can be cured in about 2 weeks after stopping the medication and proper treatment, but some of them are very serious and even life-threatening. First of all, when you are sick, you must reduce the variety of medications you use as much as possible and not abuse them. You should think carefully about what you are allergic to before using the medication. If so, be careful not to take any more. If you are allergic, you should pay more attention to it. Stop using the medication that may cause allergy immediately. If the rash is not severe, you can take antihistamines such as paracetamol, VitC, calcium and drink plenty of water to promote the excretion of the medication. For more serious drug rashes, you should go to the hospital and let the doctor give systematic treatment. In case of anaphylaxis, resuscitation is necessary to save lives. 35.What kind of drug rash is the most serious? Is it life-threatening? There is a type of drug rash called “herpetic epidermal atrophic necrotizing drug rash”, which is the most serious type of drug rash and develops very quickly. It starts with dark red patches on the skin, and soon the whole body fuses into a large area with large blisters on top of the red patches. The blisters break easily, and when the epidermis falls off, the skin is like a burn, and the mucous membranes of the mouth, eyes, nose, and pubic area may also show the same signs. In addition to skin lesions, there is often a high fever and serious damage to internal organs (liver, kidneys, lungs), which can lead to death if not rescued in time. So if you have this type of drug rash, the sooner you send it to the hospital, the better the treatment. 36. What drugs are likely to cause drug rash? It should be said that as long as a drug is used, it can cause drug rash. The most common drugs that can cause drug rash are the following: the first category is antipyretic and analgesic drugs, such as aspirin, paracetamol, etc.; the second category is sulfonamides, such as dysentery, Bacitracin, etc.; these drugs are very effective, but their use is restricted because they can easily cause drug rash; the third category is sleeping and sedative drugs, such as phenobarbital, etc.; the fourth category is antibiotics, such as penicillin, cephalosporins, quinolones, etc. Quinolones, of which penicillin is the most common. Other drugs, such as antiserum and dalantin-type antiepileptic drugs are also not uncommon. In recent years, due to the continuous development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine, there has been an increasing trend of drug allergic reactions caused by single drugs such as Pueraria Mirifica, Smallpox Powder, Comfrey, Daphyllanthus, Panax notoginseng, etc. Compounded herbal medicines such as Liu Shen Wan, Antelope Relief Tablets and Yimu Cao Ointment etc. 37.What is the difference between drug rash and contact dermatitis? Drug rash is caused by an allergic reaction when drugs enter the body in various ways. The rash is generalized and is often accompanied by systemic symptoms. Contact dermatitis is caused by an allergic reaction at the site of contact after the skin has been exposed to something (which can also be a drug), but the rash is only on the skin at the site of contact with a drug and there is no general discomfort. This is a drug rash. 38. What is the difference between drug rash and measles? There is a rash that looks like measles, but the treatment for rash and measles is completely different or even opposite. This is why it is important to distinguish between drug rashes and measles. The rash is more severe in the front and back of the chest and slightly lighter in other places, very itchy, and the temperature of the fever is high when the rash is heavy; while measles often has a history of contact with measles patients, it is first high fever for four days, and then the rash starts all over the body, the rash on the face and neck is heavier, the rash is less itchy, and there are small blue-white spots on the cheek mucosa in the mouth, which is the most characteristic point. The drug rash is definitely not. The patient often has a runny nose, watery eyes, teary looking eyes, and is afraid of light. The rash usually subsides after 5 to 6 days when the temperature drops and the rash fades. This shows that drug rash and measles are still very different. 39.What is graft-versus-host disease? This disease may sound unfamiliar, but with the increasing number of bone marrow, thymus, embryo, liver and other transplants, this disease is becoming more and more common. Simply put, graft-versus-host disease is a skin rash that develops after receiving a transplant. The rash can look different. A rash that develops within 100 days is called acute graft-versus-host disease. The most severe acute rash is a large peeling, watery, and blistering skin. The rash that develops outside of 100 days is called chronic graft-versus-host disease, where the skin often hardens and darkens, sometimes even breaking down. This disease is caused by an allergic reaction to someone’s organs or tissues after they have been transplanted.