Vertigo is a motor or positional hallucination, which is an impairment of the body’s ability to somatically check spatial orientation and gravitational relations. The body’s balance in space is maintained by the interplay of visual, proprioceptive and vestibular analyzers, with the vestibular system playing a dominant role. Generally speaking, organic or functional changes in any of these three systems can cause dizziness, but only lesions in the peripheral part of the vestibular system, i.e. vestibular end receptors and vestibular nerves, can cause rotational vertigo. Rotational vertigo refers to the sensation that external objects rotate in a certain plane and direction when the patient opens his eyes, and that he feels himself rotating in the same plane and direction when he closes his eyes. Some people include the non-rotational sensation of swaying, lifting, floating and tilting in the category of vertigo, and the presence or absence of motion hallucinations as the fundamental difference between vertigo and dizziness. The vestibular analyzer has extensive connections with the cerebellum, spinal cord, vegetative nervous system, and kinetic system through conduction bundles. Under resting conditions, the vestibular receptors on both sides constantly send equal nerve impulses symmetrically to the ipsilateral vestibular nucleus, maintaining the body’s balance through a complex series of postural reflexes. Disruption of the symmetry or equilibrium of this information transmission can be caused by physiological stimuli, especially pathological factors, in the vestibular system and in any part of its connection with the center, and the result will be an objective disorder of balance and a subjective sensation of vertigo. The disruption of symmetry and balance can be caused by stimulation of the vestibular system on one side, which is hyper- or hypo-functional, or by different degrees of stimulation on both sides.