What is osteonecrosis of the femoral head?
Femoral head necrosis, known as aseptic necrosis of the femoral head or ischemic necrosis of the femoral head, is a lesion caused by localized poor blood flow to the femoral head for a variety of reasons, resulting in further ischemia, necrosis of bone cells, fracture of bone trabeculae, and collapse of the femoral head. Since 1888, when the disease was first recognized by the world medical community, osteonecrosis of the femoral head has been transformed from an uncommon disease to a multifaceted and common disease.
What are the causes of femoral head necrosis?
1, traumatic.
As a result of hip trauma, fracture of femoral head or femoral neck, fracture or dislocation of hip joint, or injury of vascular branch without both fracture and dislocation can cause local ischemia of femoral head and further develop into necrosis.
2.Non-traumatic.
(1), long-term or large amount of application of glucocorticoids.
(2), alcohol intoxication.
(3), decompression sickness: diving and flying personnel in high pressure situations, the dissolved nitrogen in blood and tissues increases, when the environmental pressure decreases, the dissolved excess nitrogen needs to be discharged gradually through the lungs, if the pressure decreases too quickly, the nitrogen is too late to be discharged, that is, free out in the body, forming bubbles, producing gas embolism, gas embolism in the blood vessels, blood flow is blocked, the local blood supply to the femoral head becomes poor, ischemic necrosis.
(4), other : hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, obesity, gout, radiation therapy, after burns, can also cause necrosis of the femoral head.
How does traumatic femoral head necrosis develop?
Pathogenesis: .
The pathogenesis of traumatic femoral head necrosis is ischemia due to sudden blockage of the internal and external arteries of the bone. Extraosseous vascular injury is due to damage to the blood supplying vessels supplying the supporting band arteries or vessels within the round ligament when the joint capsule or round ligament is injured. Intraosseous vascular injury is when the fracture directly damages and interrupts the blood vessels within the bone.
Why does osteonecrosis of the femoral head require early treatment?
Femoral head necrosis is a progressive disease, and without specific treatment, 70% to 80% of patients will experience an increase in symptoms. The natural course of femoral head necrosis includes two aspects, namely progressive collapse of the femoral head and secondary osteoarthritis of the hip joint. If it progresses to severe osteoarthritis, only artificial total hip replacement can be performed.
Since the disease mostly occurs in young adults, the aim of treatment is to preserve the femoral head as much as possible before collapse and delay the time of artificial joint replacement, in addition to improving clinical symptoms. If the disease is not treated in a timely manner, the best time for treatment will be missed. Coupled with the collapse of the femoral head caused by weight bearing (e.g. walking, climbing stairs, carrying things, etc.), osteoarthritis will be formed, and the final result will be that the patient will become disabled.
How to prevent femoral head necrosis?
1.Be sure to strengthen the awareness of self-protection of the hip.
2.When walking, pay attention to your feet and be careful of falling.
3.Prepare the hip fully before sports, to feel the body warm and limbs flexible.
4.Avoid hip injury when carrying and carrying heavy objects, avoid hip sprain and try not to do too heavy work.
5, timely treatment of hip injury hip injury should be treated in a timely manner, do not walk too much before the injury is healed, so as not to repeatedly damage the hip joint.
6, use less, do not abuse hormone drugs, in the treatment of certain diseases, especially some painful diseases, try not to use or use less hormone drugs. When you have to apply hormones because of related diseases, you have to master the principle of short-term and moderate amount, and cooperate with vasodilators, vitamin D, calcium, etc. Do not abuse hormone drugs without listening to medical advice.
7, try to drink less, do not drink a lot of alcohol for a long time, necrosis of the femoral head should change the bad habits of long-term alcoholism or quit drinking, get out of the contact environment of pathogenic factors, remove the chemical toxicity of alcohol and prevent tissue absorption.
8, prevention of femoral head ischemia on femoral neck fracture using strong internal fixation, while applying bone graft with vascular tip bone flap head to promote femoral neck healing, increase blood flow to the head, prevent osteonecrosis, postoperative should be regular follow-up, appropriate oral promotion of blood flow of Chinese medicine and calcium to prevent the occurrence of ischemic femoral head.
9, improve working conditions for occupational factors such as deep-water divers, high-altitude pilots, high-pressure working environment should pay attention to labor protection and improve working conditions, and those who have fallen ill should change the type of work and seek timely medical treatment.
What should I pay attention to in terms of diet?
Staple food: rice, noodles and mixed grains should be the main food, so that a variety of varieties, coarse and fine match.
Side dishes: You should eat more calcium-containing foods, such as milk, dairy products, lamb liver, pig liver, shrimp, beans, seaweed and eggs.
Do not eat chili peppers, do not drink alcohol in excess, do not take hormonal drugs, pay attention to increase the intake of calcium, eat fresh vegetables and fruits, get more sunlight, prevent weight bearing and regular activities, etc. have a preventive effect on femoral head necrosis.