Injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands are the most serious complications of thyroid surgery. Patients with parathyroid nerve injury usually suffer from postoperative vocal cord paralysis and patients with low parathyroid glands due to parathyroid gland injury will suffer from postoperative hypocalcemic convulsions that require lifelong calcium supplementation. Despite intraoperative precautions, damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands still occurs during thyroid surgery. Therefore, how to reduce the damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery is a key issue in surgery. Our department has achieved satisfactory clinical results with the application of microsurgical techniques of thyroid surgery with ophthalmic magnification. At present, there is no case of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands after microsurgery of the thyroid gland. There are no reports of microscopic thyroid surgery in our city. The microscopic thyroid surgery with eye magnifying microscope makes the microscopic thyroid surgery more minimally invasive and delicate, which can effectively prevent the occurrence of intraoperative laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland injuries, thus avoiding the decrease in quality of life and the wasting of patients due to surgical complications and reducing the economic burden of patients due to postoperative complications.