What are hemorrhoids? It’s an easy one to hang on to, but hard to articulate. You can’t see it, but you can feel it. Complaining about bleeding in the stool, less sticking to the paper, more like a fountain, or when something falls out of the anus during a bowel movement, the discomfort is unbearable without sending it back. These sensations come and go, and you may have hemorrhoids. A quick trip to the doctor, an anal finger test, or anoscopic observation may confirm the diagnosis. Hemorrhoids have been known for more than 4,000 years, and there have been numerous doctrines about hemorrhoids for a long time. Hemorrhoids, also known as piles or hemorrhoids, from the literal interpretation, hemorrhoids is the meaning of protruding, wherever the anus inside and outside the protruding soft swelling are called hemorrhoids. There is an abundance of venous plexus in the lower rectum or anal canal, which becomes hemorrhoids if dilated or varicose in one or several places. Hemorrhoids are clusters of blood vessels that form when the veins located in the lower rectal mucosa and under the skin of the anal canal become stagnant and varicose. It is only one of the anorectal diseases. The junction of the anal canal and the rectum is a ring-like structure called the dentate line. Hemorrhoids occurring above the dentate line are called internal hemorrhoids, which are covered with rectal mucosa and bleed easily. The hemorrhoids that occur below the dentate line are called external hemorrhoids. The surface is covered with mucous membrane of the anal canal, less bleeding. The hemorrhoids formed by the venous plexus above and below the dentate line are called mixed hemorrhoids. Mixed hemorrhoids early to bleeding mainly, later due to local fibrosis, bleeding will reduce, but the seriousness of the mixed hemorrhoids will be caused by incarceration, severe swelling and pain, produce a lot of mucus, patients are often in pain. The human body is covered with a rich network of blood vessels, in which the blood flows constantly circulating, maintaining the body’s metabolism. Normal blood circulation is necessary to maintain a normal body. Once the blood circulation of any tissue or organ in the body is impaired, the body will definitely show up when the disease is reflected. It is usually believed that the formation of hemorrhoids are mainly the following factors: evolutionary factors, four-limbed reptiles without hemorrhoids, the reason may be four-limbed animals, the torso of the front, anorectal relative position is higher, is conducive to the rectal blood reflux. And people keep walking upright, the human upright so that the anal position is relatively low, due to the role of gravity around the anus blood vessels to withstand greater tension, coupled with sedentary, weather changes, as well as over-eating spicy food, irregular life, old age and physical weakness, etc. can be caused by the circulation of blood vessels around the anus is not smooth, the blood circulation stagnation, not conducive to the rectal blood reflux, deposited in the veins, then contributing to the formation of hemorrhoids. Heredity, increased abdominal pressure, dysentery, enteritis, parasites, anal skin disease, anal abscess can damage the rectal mucosa and submucosal muscle layer, so that the blood vessels and other tissues brittle congestion and expansion. So hemorrhoids are ultimately the result of vascular flexion and dilation leading to the formation of a vascular mass, which from the outside looks like a piece of flesh protruding inside and outside the anus. Its pathologic observation, can be seen in the end of the rectum under the mucous membrane and the anal canal subcutaneous venous plexus occurred enlargement, varicose, and the formation of venous mass. Hemorrhoidal tissue not only contains a large number of highly tortuous and dilated veins, but at the same time, the interstitial tissue within the hemorrhoids is edematous, accompanied by infiltration of inflammatory cells, and thrombosis in some of the blood vessels. Intermittently, there are small thrombosed venous vessels, and advanced internal hemorrhoids can also have dilatation and curvature of arterial vessels. Therefore, the pathological changes of hemorrhoids, essentially with other parts of the body due to varicose veins of the venous vascular mass, just appeared in the anorectal part of the vascular mass or lump called hemorrhoids.