In the hot summer, various bacteria will begin to multiply vigorously with the onset of high temperatures, and children’s immune system is low and their thermoregulatory ability is poor, so they are very susceptible to infections in the summer. Summer is a high season for intestinal and mosquito-borne infectious diseases, and the following infectious diseases are common among children in summer: a. Red eye Red eye, also known as “fire eye”, is characterized by conjunctival congestion, purulent and mucus discharge. The initial itching and foreign body sensation in the eyes can be accompanied by a burning sensation, photophobia and tearing as the disease progresses, and mucus discharge often sticks to the upper and lower eyelids and eyelashes at night. Public places such as swimming pools, where children often play in the summer, are important places of infection and can easily cause outbreaks. Therefore, it is important that children maintain good hygiene habits, do not use towels, handkerchiefs and washbasins in public places, and that children’s toys are frequently cleaned and disinfected, and that children with a history of exposure are treated prophylactically with antimicrobial eye drops. Second, bacillary dysentery summer due to high temperatures, food spoilage, mosquitoes and flies rampant, children who eat unclean food or spoiled food is very easy to suffer from “bacillary dysentery”. This is an acute intestinal infection caused by Bacillus dysenteriae, which can manifest itself as abdominal pain, diarrhea, pus and blood stools, and other symptoms. In summer, pay special attention to food hygiene, to keep the “disease from the mouth” off, pay attention to dietary hygiene, baby bottles and other eating utensils to disinfect regularly. In addition, the family refrigerator is also a breeding ground for bacteria, and should be cleaned frequently. Families can prepare Chinese herbal medicines such as Pueraria Mirifica and Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Shui for preventive use. Third, epidemic B encephalitis, also known as “B brain”, is due to carry B encephalitis virus mosquito bite children after an acute infectious disease, children with fever, headache, vomiting, hard neck, heavy coma, convulsions, and even death. Therefore, summer families should pay special attention to mosquitoes and mosquito prevention, to eliminate the vector of infection. First of all, we should keep the family clean and hygienic; secondly, children should be diligent in bathing and changing clothes, mosquitoes like the smell of sweat on children, so it is important to keep the children’s skin clean and dry. Room screen doors, screen windows pay attention to close tight, but also in the corner of the room can be placed in a few boxes of open-cap cool oil can also prevent mosquitoes; take children to mosquitoes and flies when playing outdoors, pay attention to the application of repellent oil, mosquito netting when sleeping. Children of school age should be vaccinated against encephalitis B in a timely manner. Children with B encephalitis should seek timely medical attention, strengthen care, and pay attention to supplemental nutrition to reduce the occurrence of sequelae. Children with sudden onset of high fever, depression, or abdominal pain and diarrhea in summer should seek prompt medical attention.