Routine Checkups Why Pre-operative Checkups 1. Pre-operative checkups can mainly understand the health of the couple, the presence of genetic diseases, exclude various factors unfavorable to pregnancy, reduce the birth of unhealthy or genetically problematic children, thus reducing the burden on the family and society, and can prevent the continuation of these genetic diseases in the family. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is now available in assisted reproductive technology to help some families with genetic problems to select normal embryos and try to avoid the birth of abnormal children. Wang Bin, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Dongguan People’s Hospital 2. Since most of the current assisted reproduction techniques are performed under the premise of ovulation induction and superovulation techniques with exogenous drugs, there are inevitably a series of related complications, furthermore, the purpose of assisted reproduction is to enable infertile people to safely deliver a normal and healthy next generation through this technique, therefore, preoperative examination is necessary. Pre-operative tests for assisted reproduction include: estradiol (E2), folliculogenic hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) and testosterone (T). The testing of each index has clinical guidance. For example, E2 assesses ovarian reserve function, determines different periods of menstruation, and predicts the occurrence of OHSS; elevated FSH measurement is seen in premature ovarian failure, ovarian insensitivity syndrome and primary amenorrhea; LH/FSH ≥3 is one of the possible factors of PCOS; PRL is measured to diagnose hyperprolactinemia; high plasma T level in women is called hyperandrogenemia, which can cause female infertility, etc. 2, syphilis Syphilis is a chronic systemic infectious disease caused by the syphilis spirochete. Syphilis spirochetes can invade any organ and tissue of human body. The disease is most often transmitted through tiny skin or mucous membrane breaks during sexual intercourse, so the inoculation site is usually the genitals, but also elsewhere. Clinical manifestations: Syphilis infection is initially a systemic infection, the course of the disease is slow, in the process of development can invade many tissues and organs of the body, a variety of symptoms, sometimes latent for many years or even for life without showing the slightest trace, can be cured, also has a tendency to heal itself, but often recur. The pathogen can survive in fluids for several days and can be transmitted through the blood of the infected person. Maternal syphilis can be transmitted to the fetus via the placenta after the fifth month of pregnancy. Syphilis can be classified according to the duration of the disease: stage I syphilis, stage II syphilis and stage III syphilis. Stage III syphilis has the longest duration. Stage III syphilis mainly manifests as a nodular rash or dendritic swelling of the skin, mucous membranes, and bones. In the late stage, the cardiovascular system is easily invaded, with simple aorta, aortic valve insufficiency and aortic aneurysm; in a few cases, the nervous system can also be invaded, mainly with abnormal cerebrospinal fluid examination, syphilitic meningitis, spinal consumption and paralytic dementia. 3.AIDS AIDS is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). AIDS is a serious infectious disease in which the body’s immune system is destroyed by HIV, causing the body to lose its ability to resist various life-threatening pathogens, resulting in a variety of infections or tumors, and eventually leading to death. The virus is transmitted for life, and infected individuals eventually develop into AIDS patients. Eventually death can result from a variety of compound infections. AIDS is transmitted through four main routes: blood, inappropriate sexual behavior, drug use, and mother-to-child genetic transmission. To date, there is no effective method of preventing and treating AIDS in the medical community. Since HIV can be transmitted to offspring through mother-to-child transmission, it is essential to test both partners for HIV in eugenics. 4. Gonococcus (NGH) Gonococcus is often found in the leukocytes of purulent secretions from acute urethritis and vaginitis. Humans are the only natural hosts for gonococci, and gonorrhea is mainly transmitted by sexual contact. The gonococcus invades the genitourinary system and multiplies, causing urethritis in men and urethritis and cervicitis in women. If not treated thoroughly, it can spread to the reproductive system. The fetus can be infected via the birth canal causing gonorrheal acute conjunctivitis in the newborn. Humans are not naturally immune to gonococcus, they are all susceptible, and their immunity is not strong after the disease and cannot prevent reinfection. 5.Routine examination of white belt The white belt is a mixture of vaginal mucous membrane exudate, cervical canal and endometrial glandular secretion. Routine examination of the leukorrhea mainly includes examination of normal epithelial cells, examination of normal flora of Lactobacillus parasites in the vagina, examination of bacterial count, examination of pus cells, examination of trichomonas, examination of Candida albicans, examination of red blood cells and examination of cleanliness. The main purpose is to detect vaginitis caused by various bacterial infections. If the test is “+” for trichomonas or mycobacteria, it means that the infection is trichomonas or mycobacteria. 6, semen analysis Semen analysis is the most basic, important and common routine test to determine male fertility and is widely used to assess male fertility. It is also very important for understanding the physiological functions and case changes of the gonads and paragonads, and for diagnosing male infertility and reproductive diseases. The examination of semen contains several aspects, the examination of routine parameters of semen, the examination of sperm function, the examination of sperm morphology and the examination of sperm cytology. Each index of semen examination has a different clinical significance reflected. Each index of semen analysis has different clinical significance, such as semen density and viability both have direct correlation with male fertility; semen color changes such as bright red.