The urinary system mainly includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, urethra, and testicular epididymis. By recognizing the common symptoms of urinary system diseases, it is beneficial to the early detection and early diagnosis of diseases.
1. Hematuria Hematuria is a common symptom of urological diseases. In mild cases of hematuria, the color of the urine is normal to the naked eye, and only the red blood cells increase under the microscope, which is called microscopic hematuria. Hematuria first needs to exclude pseudohematuria caused by menstrual, vaginal or rectal bleeding contamination or strenuous exercise. There are many causes of hematuria, most of which are caused by diseases of the urinary system itself. The most common diseases that cause hematuria include: urological tumors (such as kidney cancer, ureteral cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer), urinary stones (such as kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones, urethral stones), urinary tract infections (such as kidney tuberculosis, bladder tuberculosis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, urethritis, prostatitis) and some glomerular diseases. In addition, some systemic diseases and diseases of the adjacent organs of the urinary system may also cause hematuria.
2.Pain Obstruction and inflammation of the urinary system often cause pain. When urinary stones cause upper urinary tract obstruction, severe pain of a colicky nature can occur. Inflammation of the urinary system can also cause severe pain (such as acute pyelonephritis, prostatitis and epididymitis). Acute urinary retention with overdistension of the bladder can also cause severe pain. In contrast, antler-shaped stones in the renal pelvis and large stones in the bladder are often painless; urologic tumors usually do not cause pain until there is obstruction and invasion of the nerves surrounding the involved organ. Tumors with pain often indicate that the disease process has entered an advanced stage.
Difficulty in urination Difficulty in urination refers to the effort of urination and the difficulty of urine discharge, which is manifested as delayed start of urination, shortened range, weakened force, interrupted urine flow, thin urine line, incomplete dripping, prolonged urination time, and even urinary retention. Common diseases that cause difficulty in urination are: prostate enlargement, prostate cancer, bladder neck fibrosis, urethral stricture, bladder stones, urethral stones, neurogenic bladder, urinary tract infection, etc.
4, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary pain Normal adults urinate 4-5 times during the day, 0-1 times at night, and the volume of urine is about 200-400 ml each time. the increase in the number of urination becomes urinary frequency. Urinary urgency is a sudden, strong, uncontrollable desire to urinate; often incontinence occurs due to lack of control. Urinary urgency is characterized by a decrease in the volume of urine each time compared to normal urination, or even just the urge to urinate without urine discharge. Painful urination is the discomfort in the urethra and perineum due to irritation of the lesion during urination, mainly stinging or burning pain. Frequent urination, urgency and painful urination usually occur together, suggesting the possibility of prostate enlargement, bladder stones and urinary tract infection.