In addition to the chromosomal abnormal translocations we know about, third generation IVF technology PGD can avoid nearly 100 genetic disorders. Advanced reproductive medicine research has pushed the self-control of human reproduction to new limits. The first generation of IVF technology addressed female induced infertility; the second generation of IVF technology addressed male induced infertility; and the third generation of IVF technology has made a revolutionary breakthrough by helping humans choose the healthiest offspring from a biogenetic perspective, offering future parents with genetic disorders the opportunity to have healthy children. This is the third generation of IVF technology, known as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis for IVF
PGD, or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, is also known as third-generation “IVF”. It is mainly used to check whether the embryo carries genes for genetic defects. It is based on the IVF technology, where the sperm and egg are combined in vitro to form a fertilized egg, which develops into an embryo that is genetically tested before implantation in the uterus, in order to avoid some genetic disorders and to improve the success rate of IVF.
A healthy egg cell contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, but before the egg cell can be fertilized, it undergoes a meiosis in which each pair of chromosomes is split in two and the unwanted set of 23 chromosomes is expelled from the egg cell to form a structure called a polarbody. This can be used to identify the sex of the embryo, analyze the chromosomes of the embryo, and then transfer a genetically normal embryo for eugenic purposes. Some people also use third generation IVF technology to conceive twins. This preconception genetic diagnosis (PGD) embryo analysis technique has been used for several years to identify fetuses that have a history of genetic disorders in their parents for signs of unhealthiness, such as gallbladder fibrosis or hemophilia, among others.
It actually focuses on genetic diagnosis before embryo implantation, after in vitro fertilization to obtain embryos. With 1/5D1/4 of the population suffering from genetic disorders, each carrying an average of 5D6 recessive genes, being able to identify the presence or absence of genetic disorders before embryo transfer would greatly improve the quality of the baby after birth. Of course, this is easier said than done.
There are more than 4,000 genetic disorders worldwide, and up to 73 genetic disorders can be screened for and detected through the use of third-generation IVF technology.
Specifically, there are the following diseases.
1. Addison’s disease (with cerebral sclerosis)
2. Adrenal cerebral leukodystrophy
3, adrenal gland dystrophy
4, hemoglobin leukemia (Bruton type)
5, hemoglobin albinism (Swiss type)
6.Ocular albinism
7, Albinism-deafness syndrome
8. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
9. Alport syndrome
10. Enamel growth insufficiency (hypomaturity type)
11. Enamel growth insufficiency (dysplasia type)
12. Hereditary hypochromic anemia
13.Fabry disease of angiokeratoma
14.Congenital cataract
15.Cerebellar ataxia
16.Cerebellar ataxia
17.Diffuse cerebral sclerosis
18, peroneal muscular dystrophy (CMT)
19, no chorioretinopathy
20, chorioretinopathy
21, color blindness (green series type)
22, cholecystic fibrosis and hemophilia are common diseases to do third generation IVF
23.Nephrogenic urogenital disorder
24, Urogyria (neuropituitary type)
25, congenital dyskeratosis
26.Ectodermal dysplasia (anhidrosis type)
27, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type V)
28, Facial genital hypoplasia (Aarskog syndrome)
29, focal cutaneous dysplasia (dominant with X chromosome linkage, lethal in males)
30, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
31, glycogen storage (type VIII)
32, gonadal dysgenesis (xy female type)
33, chronic sarcoidosis
34.Hemophilia A
35.Hemophilia B
36.Hydrocephalus (stenosis of the midbrain canal)
37.Low phosphate blood rickets
38.Ichthyosis
39, pigmentary disorder (dominant with X chromosome linkage, fatal for males)
40, Kallmann syndrome
41, Spinulosa follicular keratosis
42, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphate ribosyltransferase deficiency)
43, Lowe (oculocerebrorenal) syndrome
44, retinal macular dystrophy
45.Menkes syndrome
46, mental retardation (FMRI type), Down syndrome to do congenital Down screening useful, the third generation of IVF can also check many intellectual disabilities.
47, mental retardation (FRAXE type)
48.Mental retardation (MRXI type)
49, microphthalmia (with multiple malformations) (Lenz syndrome)
50, mucopolysaccharide storage disease II (Hunter syndrome)
51, myotonic dystrophy (Becker type)
52, myotonic dystrophy (Duchenne type)
53, myotonic dystrophy (Emery-Dreifuss type)
54, Myotubular myopathy
55.Congenital stationary night blindness
56.Norrie’s’s (pseudoglioma)
57, Nystagmus (oculomotor or twitching)
58, Ornithine formyl transferase deficiency (hyperammonemia type I)
59, mouth-facial-finger (toe) syndrome (type I) (dominant with X chromosome linkage, lethal in males)
60, sensory deafness (with ataxia and loss of vision)
61, Sensory deafness (DNFZ type)
62, Phosphoglycerate kinase deficiency
63, Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthase deficiency
64, Reifenstein’s syndrome
65, Retinitis pigmentosa
66, spastic paralysis
67, Spinal muscular atrophy
68, delayed spinal skeletal dysplasia
69, testicular feminization syndrome
70, Hereditary thrombocytopenia
71, Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency or variant
72, Xg blood group system