Pulmonary alveoli generally refer to pulmonary blisters, which are air-filled cystic cavities in the lungs due to various causes. Pulmonary blisters are divided into congenital and acquired pulmonary blisters. The specific pulmonary blister is considered a minor or major disease, usually need to be combined with the symptoms of patients with pulmonary blister, as well as the need for surgery to analyze, usually considered serious symptoms or the need for surgery pulmonary blister is a major disease. 1, congenital pulmonary blister: generally due to congenital bronchial and cartilage is not well developed, or developmental abnormalities, can lead to the patient’s mucosal folds appear flap-like, usually occurring in children It usually occurs in children. Most patients have no symptoms when the number of pulmonary blisters is small, and congenital pulmonary blisters are minor at this time. If the number of congenital pulmonary blisters increases, it may lead to symptoms of chest tightness or shortness of breath, especially in thin and tall patients with excessive bone growth but relatively delayed lung development, the subpleural will be stretched to form pulmonary blisters. If spontaneous pneumothorax occurs, or if recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax occurs, surgical management is usually required, which may involve surgery, such as pneumonectomy and lung reduction surgery, when the patient’s Congenital pulmonary blister can be considered as a major disease; 2. Acquired pulmonary blister: Acquired pulmonary blister is caused by small bronchial edema, stenosis, and partial obstruction of the lumen, and air cannot be expelled from the body in time after entering the alveoli, and lung lesions damage the lung tissue, resulting in alveolar fusion to produce air-containing cavities, such as repeated smoking, long-term coughing and sputum, which may lead to the gradual development of emphysema in patients, such as lobar central emphysema, or continued rupture and fusion between alveoli into acquired pulmonary blisters. Such patients usually have no symptoms other than cough and sputum, and no surgery is required. It is usually necessary to remove the causative factors, such as targeted treatment for slow-onset lung obstruction, and such acquired pulmonary blisters can generally be called minor diseases. If the acquired pulmonary blister is overinflated, resulting in compression of the surrounding lung tissue and reduced lung function, medical intervention or thoracic surgical intervention for removal of the pulmonary blister may be required, at which point the acquired pulmonary blister is considered a major disease. Tumors can also cause pathological pulmonary blisters, such as lymphangioleiomyomatosis, etc. Clinically, it is necessary to make a judgment based on the medical history, or even do pathology to make a clear diagnosis, when the patient’s acquired pulmonary blister is relatively large disease and more serious. Pneumothorax or hemopneumothorax can be caused by repeated rupture of pulmonary maculoplasm, and in severe cases the patient will experience respiratory distress and shock, requiring immediate treatment, otherwise it may be life-threatening. Patients need to actively treat primary diseases such as emphysema in daily life to stop its progression to pulmonary blister. In addition, patients need to avoid exposure to high-risk factors, such as dust and cigarette smoke, and are advised not to perform strenuous breathing movements to avoid producing lung tissue damage. Patients also need to pay attention to exercise and perform appropriate exercises such as jogging and swimming to improve immunity and lung function.