Artificial joint replacement is the replacement of a joint damaged by disease or tumor with a prosthesis made of artificial materials to resolve pain, deformity and dysfunction in order to reconstruct a joint that is close to normal function and restore and improve joint motion. Almost all of the joints that move throughout the body can be replaced with artificial joints, and the more widely used artificial joints are the hip and knee. Other artificial joints such as the shoulder, ankle, elbow and hand are also being used in small numbers. Before performing an arthroplasty, the surgeon must first determine whether the patient has an indication for arthroplasty based on the patient’s condition, and then select an arthroplasty that is suitable for the patient’s condition after excluding any contraindications to surgery. The patient’s radiographs are then measured to select the right size artificial joint. During surgery, special surgical positioning instruments are used to help the surgeon precisely remove the diseased part of the joint to be replaced, which is the area where the artificial joint will be placed. In a total hip replacement, the acetabular cartilage is removed, the acetabular fossa is enlarged, the femoral head and neck are removed, and the medullary cavity of the upper femoral stem is enlarged; in a total knee surface replacement, the joint surface of the lower femur and upper tibia is removed. The individual prostheses of the artificial joint are then placed in the prepared area using special mounting instruments. For total knee surface replacement, cemented fixation is generally required, while for total hip replacement, cemented fixation or cementless fixation is available depending on the prosthesis.