The myopia rate among elementary school students is a rising trend. Then, there are many reasons for myopia among elementary school students, such as incorrect posture in reading and writing, too much time watching TV or surfing the Internet, and incorrect techniques in doing eye exercises. So what should we do to prevent it? Environmental factors are important factors in the development of low and moderate myopia. The environmental factors include prolonged and close eye use and improper visual hygiene. Children and adolescents whose eyes are not yet well developed are exposed to prolonged and continuous intense close eye use as well as poor visual hygiene. For example, excessive homework load, prolonged close eye use and long uncontrolled playing video games and watching TV can cause changes in the refractive power of the eye and the anterior and posterior diameters of the eye, resulting in myopia. The prevention and treatment of myopia in young people should start from changing the environmental factors, reducing the burden of extracurricular work, watching less TV, playing with cell phones and surfing the Internet is one of the important measures to prevent myopia. 1. On the basis of quality education, focus on cultivating students’ ability to find and solve problems independently, and strive to create a relaxed and lively teaching atmosphere. 2.Teachers prepare lessons carefully, make sure they have a good idea of what to expect, eliminate delayed classes, and ensure a 10-minute break between classes to reduce students’ visual fatigue. 3.Homework was appropriately adjusted so that the students’ eye burden could be reduced. 4.An extracurricular activity class was added in order to enrich students’ spare time knowledge, and it is required that this time should not be used for homework and reading. A teacher should organize outdoor activities so that the students’ eye muscles can be fully relaxed. (1) The posture of reading and writing should be correct, and the distance between the eyes and the book should be one city foot. 2) It is important to take a break after an hour of reading and writing, and to look away for 10 minutes properly. (3) Do eye exercises every day. (4) Do not lie in bed to read; do not tilt your head or body to read; do not read while walking or riding in a car; do not read in strong or low light. 5) The current status quo is that watching less TV, playing less cell phones and surfing the Internet is one of the important measures to prevent myopia.