Scarring, may not be as life-threatening as other diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease, but it does affect people’s lives. Severe scarring can cause functional impairment, such as limited joint movement in the limbs, in the face causing incomplete eyelid closure, and in the neck making head lifting limited and very painful for the patient. In mild cases, there can be no symptoms, such as in non-exposed areas, and the patient can cover it with clothing, which may not cause inconvenience. However, if a small or large scar appears on the face, because the color and texture of the scar is very different from normal skin, and makeup cannot cover it, it will bring a lot of troubles to the patient, and the medical term to describe this situation: reduced quality of life. Therefore, scar treatment is an important topic in plastic surgery, and generations of plastic surgeons have left their hard work and sweat in this field, creating many treatments for scar patients, such as skin grafting, tissue expansion techniques, flap transfer, and other methods. However, all of these treatments are invasive operations, especially the skin graft and flap transfer require taking tissue from normal areas to repair the scar, which is what we often call the practice of tearing down the east wall to repair the west wall, causing additional damage; and the expander, although it may avoid damage to another part of the body, has a long treatment period, high treatment cost, and many complications, while not avoiding additional incisional scarring. Each of these treatments is not perfect, and with increasing patient demands, plastic surgeons are seeking minimally invasive ways to treat scarring, such as laser and injection treatments that have been developed in recent years. However, these methods are still invasive, and in layman’s terms, they use damage to “reduce” the scar. So, is it possible to think of scar treatment in a different way? What is a scar? It is essentially the body’s inability to create normal tissue to recover from a wound and the body has to replace it with disorganized abnormal tissue. This process of making normal tissues is called tissue “regeneration”, but unfortunately, human beings only have this ability to repair during fetal life. So, is there a way for the body to regain this ability? That is, to “increase” the regenerative capacity of local tissues and to facilitate the regenerative process, i.e., to “increase” rather than “decrease” it. Here we propose a factor that plays a crucial role in the regenerative process, stem cells. This term may not be new to you, because recently it is at the forefront of scientific research and is the hottest research topic. Stem cells are complex, but not esoteric. To explain it simply, a stem cell has two special abilities, one is that it has the ability to continuously self-replicate and produce itself, and the other is that it can transform into other functional cells under specific conditions. You can think of it as the sun, continuously providing solar energy, which in turn can be transformed into other energy for human use. Stem cells are the necessary and initiating factor for tissue regeneration. So, do stem cells exist in the human body? The good news is that there are many of these little suns in the bone marrow and fat of the adult body. There are a limited number of stem cells in the bone marrow and the process of harvesting bone marrow is painful. A simple and less invasive method is fat grafting. Fat grafting is a common procedure in plastic surgery in recent years. It is done by applying liposuction to areas of the body with a large accumulation of fat tissue, such as the abdomen, and after treatment, fat particles are transplanted to other parts of the body by injection to play a filling role, which is called structural fat transplantation, or fat injection as we often call it. This technique has two main advantages: 1) it is a typical “waste to treasure” technique, using redundant body fat to gain defective areas; 2) it is also a minimally invasive technique, with no incisions, little pain and quick recovery. This technique is often used to delay facial aging, and it is also commonly used in reconstructive surgery, such as fat injections for patients with hemifacial atrophy to correct facial asymmetry. Fat grafting, like skin grafting, is a free graft. Fat does not carry blood supply and its survival is non-physiological, so only 30%-50% of the transplanted fat survives and usually needs to be injected again at intervals of more than 3 months. In the process of studying how to improve the survival rate of fat, scientists discovered that the survival of the transplanted fat depends mainly on the presence of stem cells in the fat, thus linking the fat transplantation technique to tissue regeneration. This connection has become the hottest topic in plastic surgery and regenerative medicine. Since then, plastic surgeons have used fat grafting for the repair of post-radiotherapy wounds with good results. It is well known that the lack of blood flow in post-radiation wounds makes them difficult to heal, whereas after several fat injections, the blood flow to the wound increases, promoting the ability of the local tissue to heal. With the pearl in the eye, the plastic surgeon further experimented with fat grafting in the repair of the scar and also obtained encouraging results. After 2-5 injections of fat under the scar, the color and texture of the scar improved significantly, and even the contracted scar softened. All patients reported subjective visible improvement of the scar, along with softening and increased elasticity of the scar. And histology showed significant changes within the fat-injected scar, the most obvious changes being massive revascularization and an increase in skin appendages, indicating tissue regeneration and remodeling. During my studies in the United States, I had the opportunity to attend the largest plastic surgery meeting in the United States in 2015 in Boston. Dr. Gino Rigotti presented the concept of regenerative plastic surgery by elaborating on the current and future use of fat grafting for regenerative medicine in the conference’s most important Maliniac lecture. As a surgeon who faces scarring every day, I feel I have a new weapon in my hands to deal with it. However, each technique has its own advantages, disadvantages and indications. The advantage of structural fat grafting for scar repair is that it is minimally invasive and the procedure can be done on an outpatient basis without the need for hospitalization, reducing trauma and saving the patient’s time. The disadvantage is that the treatment is more expensive and requires multiple treatments. For its indications, my understanding is that it is preferred for atrophic and depressed keloid scars; it can be used for not very severe hyperplastic keloid scars, because for such scars, it is not very worthwhile to damage other healthy areas; it can be used for patients with large keloid scars on one side, difficult to repair, accompanied by fat atrophy on the affected side; it is cautiously used in cases of severe hyperplastic and contracture keloid scars, because this method cannot finally The scar contracture and the resulting functional impairment cannot be finally resolved.