Every summer and fall is a time of high incidence of pediatric diseases. What can be done to prevent common pediatric illnesses in the fall? Rotavirus enteritis Rotavirus is the most common cause of pediatric diarrhea in the fall and winter, so it is also known as autumn diarrhea, which is usually transmitted via fecal-oral transmission. It has an incubation period of 1-3 days and occurs mostly in infants and children aged 6-24 months, but is rare in those over 4 years of age. The onset of the disease is rapid, often accompanied by fever and upper respiratory tract infection symptoms, without obvious toxic symptoms. The main symptom in the early stage is vomiting with a temperature between 38℃ and 39℃, followed by diarrhea. The stools are frequent, voluminous and watery, yellow watery or egg-like stools with a small amount of mucus, without fishy odor. As the child loses a lot of water, dehydration quickly occurs, appearing mental depression, indifferent expression, drowsiness, gray face, fontanel and eye sockets sunken, loose skin, poor skin elasticity, less urine, dry oral mucosa and other symptoms, severe diarrhea can cause dehydration, acidosis and electrolyte disorders. The disease is self-limiting, vomiting stops after a few days, diarrhea is reduced, the natural course of the disease is about 3-8 days, a few longer. The correct treatment is to correct dehydration and acidosis as soon as possible. For children with mild symptoms, oral rehydration can be corrected by using oral rehydration salts (ORS) recommended by the World Health Organization, the formula is: sodium chloride 3.5 grams, sodium bicarbonate 2.5 grams, potassium citrate 1.5 grams, glucose 20 grams with water to 1000 ml, which can be used as water for children. For children with more severe symptoms, intravenous fluids can be used to correct dehydration and acidosis. In addition, the use of micro-ecological regulators (such as Mammazine or Pepcid, etc.) and mucosal protectors (such as Similac, etc.) can cure most affected children. Fall diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in infants and children, most of them occur at home, and proper life care is crucial. First of all, we should pay attention to the changes in the child’s mental state, mental status, facial appearance, temperature of the limbs and pulse, and pay attention to whether dehydration improves or worsens; observe the number, amount and nature of stools, and keep records carefully; keep some fresh stools and send them to nearby hospitals for laboratory tests, which can help diagnose the cause and provide a reliable basis for disease treatment; do a good job of bedside isolation, and wash hands carefully before and after caring for the child to prevent cross-infection; Wash the buttocks after each stool to prevent the occurrence of diaper dermatitis and pay attention to the presence or absence of urination. Respiratory tract infection “an autumn rain is a cold”. After autumn, due to the weather changes, the temperature difference between morning and evening, people are easy to catch a cold, the dry climate in autumn is also easy to make the human respiratory tract infection, coupled with the weak resistance of infants and children, it is easy to cause respiratory diseases. The respiratory diseases that children are prone to in this season include colds, bronchitis and bronchial asthma caused by upper respiratory tract infections. Respiratory diseases caused by viral and bacterial infections are mainly manifested as fever, cough, sneezing, runny nose, throat inflammation and swollen tonsils. The weather is changeable in autumn and children’s resistance is weak, so care should be taken. Pay attention to keeping warm in the morning and evening, add and remove clothes in time, and let children drink more water in dry weather to keep the respiratory tract moist. For children with asthma caused by pollen allergy, parents should try to reduce their children’s outdoor activities. For children with recurrent respiratory infections, preparations to increase immunity can be added appropriately. If parents notice that their children have uncomfortable symptoms, they should go to the hospital immediately. Bronchial asthma The onset of bronchial asthma in children is closely related to the climate. The dry air and more allergens in autumn make it very easy to invade some allergic people and trigger bronchial asthma. Since people with a history of asthma are extremely sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity of the atmosphere and have weak adaptive capacity, they are highly susceptible to bronchial asthma triggered by upper respiratory tract infections. It manifests as coughing, chest tightness, wheezing and dyspnea, especially when the above symptoms recur and often worsen at night or early in the morning. Children with a history of asthma should try to find out the allergenic causes that may cause asthma and avoid contact with allergenic substances. The room should be kept ventilated and dry, and the bedding should be frequently exposed to the sun and washed to remove dust, dander, mites, etc. that may trigger asthma. At the same time, children should not be overworked when exercising, pay attention to weather changes, add clothes and bedding in time to avoid catching cold and catching a cold, and also strengthen nutrition and pay attention to physical exercise.