Most amputations are surgical procedures of last resort to save or prolong the life of the injured or sick; sometimes amputations are also performed due to complete loss of function of some limbs, and amputation followed by prosthesis can be more conducive to restoration of function. Common reasons for amputation are: 1, severe trauma: irreparable damage to the blood flow or tissue of the limb, including mechanical injury, burns, frostbite and electric shock injury. 2, serious infection: infection is often the main cause of deterioration, including drugs, incision and drainage can not be controlled, even life-threatening infection and some long-term recurrent attacks can not be eradicated, has caused serious deformity of the limb, loss of function, and may even induce malignant tumor chronic infection. 3.Tumor: It is mostly used to treat malignant tumors; a few benign tumors, for malignant tumors in which osteosarcoma is the majority, followed by giant cell tumor of bone, fibrosarcoma, Ewing’s tumor and so on. In addition, there are many medical records of bone metastatic cancer. 4.Ischemic necrosis of limbs due to peripheral vascular diseases: The resultant blood circulation disorders are commonly seen in the complications of atherosclerotic occlusive disease and diabetes, in addition to arterial embolism, trauma, and Berg’s disease. Atherosclerotic occlusive disease is caused by atherosclerosis. As in the case of arterial stenosis of the lower extremities, the patient has numbness, coldness, and burning pain in the toes. The calf muscles on the affected side are in severe pain, and the symptoms are relieved for a few moments after rest before the patient can continue walking. This is called “intermittent claudication”. As the degree of arterial occlusion increases, the pain becomes more and more severe and the attacks become more and more frequent. Due to the ischemia of the end of the limb, the nutritional disorder leads to ulceration and necrosis of the end of the limb. Therefore, the limb has to be amputated. 5, neurological disease or trauma-induced limb motor and sensory dysfunction, and combined with long-standing neurotrophic skin ulcers. Such as deformation of limbs due to spina bifida, spinal cord injury, ulcers. Leprosy, etc. 6. Developmental abnormalities of congenital limbs: amputation is only considered when the useless abnormal limb is amputated and the function can be improved after installation of prosthesis. For the care of the residual limb are: 1, the care of the residual limb: after the wound healing and removal of stitches, pay attention to the observation of the skin of the residual end, instruct the patient to wash with neutral soap, not to apply cold cream and alcohol on the residual limb, daily massage of the residual end, patting, stomping objects with the residual end, from soft to hard, in preparation for future installation of prosthesis. 2, pain care: after amputation, due to the formation of neuromas in the soft tissue and surrounding tissue adhesions, stump vascular circulation disorders, stump muscle abnormal contraction and spasm caused by pain, some patients hallucinate that the amputated limb still exists and severe pain, according to the patient to choose their favorite music, distraction, give hot massage, improve the blood circulation of the affected limb, so that the skeletal muscle sequence relaxation, reduce pain. Reduce abnormal muscle contraction, reduce pain, gently pat the stump with hands, so that the stump transmits new peripheral nerve impulses to reduce pain, while reducing sensory allergy, slowly eliminate phantom limb sensation from space and distance confirmation, so as to eliminate the subjective feeling of phantom limb pain, and if necessary, go to hospital for pain treatment. 3, functional exercise: patients often have a sense of imbalance and psychological loss after leaving bed after limb surgery, after the condition of the affected limb is stable, assist patients to perform functional exercise as soon as possible, generally one to two days after upper limb amputation can leave bed, strengthen the exercise of the muscles of the chest and back and shoulder muscles, lower limb amputation two to three days later to practice sitting up in bed, if the thigh amputation should strengthen the exercise of the gluteus and abdominal muscles, lower leg amputation to avoid knee flexion contracture, strengthen the exercise of the quadriceps muscle. Strengthen the exercise of quadriceps muscle, often let the affected limb joint extension and flexion stretching and contraction activities, which can not only promote the residual limb stereotypes to enhance muscle strength, but also help to improve the joint mobility, so as to better fit the prosthesis in the future. If the patient is in good condition, the patient will begin to wear a temporary prosthesis within a week after surgery to assist the patient to carry out functional exercises of the sound limb, which is conducive to giving full play to the function of the surviving limb, to carry out some compensatory and adaptive functional exercises, to lay a good foundation for the future installation of finished prostheses, so as to restore the purpose of self-care life as early as possible.