Orthotics are extracorporeal support devices used for the limbs and trunk to improve the dysfunction of the human nerve, muscle and skeletal system for the purpose of biomechanical principles. Orthotics are divided into: lower limb orthotics, upper limb orthotics, and trunk orthotics according to the installation site. According to the statistics of the number of installations, lower limb orthoses account for 80% of the entire range of orthoses. The following is an introduction to the role of lower limb orthotics and specific classification.
First, the basic role of the lower limb orthosis.
1, protection: can fix the diseased spine and limb joints, prevent contractures, relieve spasm, pain relief.
2, free from load: exempt the limb part of the weight, to promote inflammation, lesions or fracture healing.
3.Correction: correct deformity or prevent the development of deformity, limit abnormal joint activities, improve limb function, reduce nerve compression with traction devices, and release muscle spasm.
4.Compensation: compensate for the loss of limb function.
Second, the lower limb orthoses are divided into six types according to the installation site
1.Foot orthosis
2.Ankle-foot orthosis
3, knee ankle foot orthosis
4.Hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis
5, hip and knee orthosis
6.Knee orthosis
Third, explain the role and use of each lower limb orthosis.
1.Foot orthosis
Disease: The plantar foot plantar parts of the load capacity and the actual load bearing ratio is out of proportion, long-term so that the physiological structure of the foot will change, bringing disease and pain to people. For example, flat feet, heel spurs, transverse arch collapse, diabetic foot, bunion, high arched foot, cone toe, etc.
Functions.
(1) Support the arch of the foot
(2) Prevention and correction of foot deformities
(3) Equalize the pressure distribution on the bottom of the foot
(4) to reduce the load of the forefoot
2.Ankle foot orthosis
Diseases: various neurological disorders caused by foot drop, foot valgus, foot inversion, horseshoe foot, etc.
Effects.
(1) limit foot drop, stabilize the talocrural joint
(2) Correction of foot inversion and stabilization of the subtalar joint
(3) Enhance weight-bearing capacity, assist in standing, and enhance standing stability
(4) To free the distal tibia and the foot from loading
(5) Improving gait and affecting the knee joint stress state in walking
3.Knee ankle foot orthosis
Diseases: various types of nerve, muscle, metabolic disorders caused by lower limb paralysis, fractures, “O” leg “X” shaped leg
Effects
(1) Provide lower limb standing and walking stability, stabilize the knee joint and limit abnormal knee joint activities
(2) Stabilize the fracture of the upper middle tibia
(3) Correction of abnormal force lines of the lower limbs, correction of “O” leg “X” shaped leg
4.Hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis
Disease: various types of nerve, muscle, metabolic disorders caused by lower limb paralysis, fractures
Effects
(1) provide lower limb standing and walking stability, stabilize the hip and knee joints, limiting the movement of the hip and knee joints
(2) Stabilize the middle femur, femoral head and femoral neck fractures
(3) correction of abnormal force lines of the lower limbs
5.Hip and knee orthosis
Conditions: middle femur fracture, after hip replacement, etc.
Effects.
(1) Stabilize the middle femur, femoral head and femoral neck fracture
(2) maintain the hip joint angle after hip replacement and fix the hip joint
6.Knee orthosis
Conditions: knee meniscus injury, ligament tear, after minimally invasive surgery, after knee replacement
Effects.
(1) stabilize the knee joint, limit the angle of the knee joint
(2) Fixing the knee joint and relieving part of the load on the knee joint