Glucose control goals for patients with diabetes generally advocate fasting glucose control of 4-6 mmol/L. 2-hour postprandial glucose control of 10 mmol/L or less is generally advocated. Glycosylated hemoglobin is controlled at 6.5%.
The choice of oral medication or insulin injection therapy for diabetic patients needs to be decided on a case-by-case basis. If the degree of blood glucose elevation is not too high, below 10 mmol/L, and the blood glucose fails to reach the standard by means of 4-6 weeks of diet control and physical exercise, oral hypoglycemic medication adjustment is recommended, and long-acting medications are chosen as much as possible to improve patient compliance and efficacy. The commonly used drugs are metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets, glibenclamide tablets, elimination pills, glipizide dispersible tablets, etc.
If a high degree of elevated blood glucose is found, insulin therapy or a combination intervention of insulin therapy plus oral medication is generally recommended. Insulin is divided into short-acting insulin, intermediate-acting insulin, and long-acting insulin according to the duration of action maintenance. Short-acting insulin is usually injected before three meals according to the specific value of postprandial blood sugar, and medium-acting insulin is generally recommended to be injected twice a day. Long-acting insulin is generally injected once a day according to basal and fasting blood glucose.