Congenital biliary dilatation (CBD), once called congenital choledochal cyst because of its predilection for the common bile duct, is a common biliary developmental malformation that occurs in Eastern countries. Surgery is the best treatment for this disease, and dilated bile duct resection and hepatic duct jejunostomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis are recognized as the best surgical procedures. In recent years, the widespread development of laparoscopic surgery and advances in operating techniques have made minimally invasive surgery for this disease through laparoscopy a reality. The pathogenesis of the disease is still not fully understood, and most scholars believe that abnormal pancreaticobiliary collaterals are the most likely factor of the disease. It can lead to biliary tract infection, biliary stones, biliary perforation, hepatic cholestasis, biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension, coagulation dysfunction, and the risk of biliary tract cancer if the condition is delayed and not treated. The literature reports that the incidence of biliary tract carcinoma in congenital bile duct dilatation is 25-40 times higher than that in the normal population, and the rate of biliary tract carcinoma increases dramatically with age. The main manifestations are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and in some children, abdominal masses can be palpated on examination. In severe cases, jaundice may occur after biliary obstruction, which may be accompanied by itching of the skin, lighter or even whiter stools, and darker yellow urine. In combination with biliary tract infection, fever may be present. In addition to clinical manifestations and physical examination, hepatobiliary ultrasound, CT, and MRCP are characteristic of the diagnosis. The principle of treatment is that surgery should be performed promptly after the diagnosis is clear. The classical procedure is: cholecystectomy, common bile duct cyst + jejunohepatic duct Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Currently there are two options for this procedure: traditional open surgery and laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery. The advantages of laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery over traditional open surgery: small surgical wound, less surgical trauma, clear surgical field, suture, exact separation, less intraoperative bleeding, faster postoperative recovery, and less chance of postoperative intestinal adhesions. The advantages are obvious, and it has gradually become the preferred method of surgical treatment for this disease.