Microvascular decompression is commonly known as a surgical method to separate the nerves and blood vessels that are compressed by each other. If the nerves and blood vessels are densely packed in the skull, the pulsation of the blood vessels will lead to short-circuiting of the nerves and increase the excitability of the trigeminal and facial nerves, resulting in trigeminal neuralgia and facial muscle spasm. The blood vessel that compresses the nerve and produces pain is called the “responsible vessel”. The common responsible vessels are: superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery and vertebral artery. The responsible vessel can be one or multiple vessels, and it can be either an artery or a vein. Microvascular decompression is performed under general anesthesia with a straight incision of 4 cm longitudinally behind the affected ear and within the hairline, and a small hole as large as a copper coin, about 2-3 cm in diameter, is opened in the skull, and the trigeminal or facial nerve travel area is explored under the microscope, and all the vessels and arachnoid strips that may produce compression are loosened, and these vessels are isolated from the nerve root with Tefflon spacers, and once the responsible vessel is isolated The source of producing irritation disappears, and the hyperexcitability of the trigeminal and facial nerves will then disappear. In the majority of patients, the facial pain or spasm disappears immediately after surgery, and normal facial sensation and function are preserved, without affecting the quality of life. The whole procedure takes about two hours. Microvascular decompression is the only method to treat the cause of trigeminal neuralgia and facial spasm and to preserve the anatomical integrity of these nerves. Because of its obvious effect, non-destructive nature, few side injuries, and extremely low recurrence rate, microvascular decompression is currently the safest and most effective method internationally recognized for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and facial spasm. Except for patients who cannot tolerate surgery, all other patients with trigeminal neuralgia and facial spasm are suitable for microvascular decompression surgery. The most common surgical complications include hearing loss and facial sensory loss, but with the improvement of microsurgical techniques, such complications are less than 5% in large neurosurgical medical institutions.