Trigeminal neuralgia is a relatively common neurological disorder of the brain that occurs in middle and old age, with severe pain in the face as the main symptom presentation. The pain is distributed within the distribution area of the facial trigeminal nerve, i.e., the confluence of the ophthalmic (first branch), maxillary (second branch) and mandibular (third branch) branches, which innervate the sensory and masticatory muscle contractions above the eye fissure, between the eye and mouth fissures, and below the mouth fissure, respectively. Because of the different branches, the initial pain sites are different, and it is often easy to misdiagnose toothache, migraine and other diseases. Here we ask Prof. Xuelian Wang to introduce toothache, migraine and trigeminal neuralgia to see if your trigeminal neuralgia has been misdiagnosed. Toothache: How to distinguish it from trigeminal neuralgia? It is actually very simple. Toothache is characterized by continuous and strong pain. Trigeminal neuralgia, on the other hand, is a sudden pain, with sudden onset and stop, lasting from a few seconds to a few minutes, with intervals in between. Migraine: generally has a genetic predisposition, persistent pain for 4 to 72 hours, in addition to headache, it can be accompanied by nausea and vomiting, fear of exposure to harsh sounds, and strong light sources, and migraine can be relieved when in a quiet environment, at rest. Trigeminal neuralgia: Initial attacks, few times, short duration of each pain, when the disease is long, then gradually the attacks are frequent and the duration of each pain is prolonged. The pain is characterized as intense, described as knife-like or burning, which is unbearable. It can be easily stimulated, for example, by brushing teeth, eating, or even wind blowing, and can be triggered by exercise. Therefore, when the pain appears, it is best to go to the hospital to see a doctor to see if your trigeminal neuralgia has been misdiagnosed. When trigeminal neuralgia is diagnosed, treat it correctly, take appropriate medication or take surgery according to the condition, take medication on time and in the right amount, and follow up on time. However, medication can only relieve pain, and when the condition is severe, patients are expected not to increase the dosage of medication on their own to prevent strong side effects. In addition to medication, surgical treatment can also be considered for trigeminal neuralgia. The most commonly used surgery is microvascular decompression because it is clinically found that most patients with trigeminal neuralgia are found to be suffering from intracranial vascular pulsatile compression of the trigeminal nerve root into the pontine brain through the use of trigeminal nerve thin-layer scan, and the images suggest that the trigeminal nerve root is caused by intracranial vascular pulsatile compression. The pain will disappear after surgery.