Bacterial vaginosis does not heal on its own and must be treated with medication. If left untreated for a longer period of time, bacterial vaginosis may lead to endometritis, inflammatory pelvic disease, and even infection of the vaginal stump after hysterectomy. If bacterial vaginosis is present during pregnancy, it is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and postpartum endometritis, so patients with symptomatic pregnancy should also receive medication. The recurrence rate of bacterial vaginosis is also high. After recurrence, it is important to choose anti-anaerobic drugs different from the first treatment, and also to restore and re-establish the micro-ecological balance of the vagina with Lactobacillus vaginalis.