Stem cell transplantation for multiple sclerosis 1.What is multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by demyelinating lesions in the white matter of the central nervous system (CNS) and occurring in genetically susceptible individuals and environmental factors. The spatial multiplicity of signs and symptoms and the temporal multiplicity of the disease course constitute the main clinical features of MS, with a scattered distribution of most lesions in the CNS and remission relapses presenting during the course of the disease. Due to its high incidence, chronic course and tendency to develop in young people, it is estimated that there are currently about 1 million young MS patients worldwide. Clinical manifestations of MS: The early symptoms of MS are usually characterized by an exacerbation-remission process. Sometimes patients often resolve spontaneously (or largely) without treatment. Subsequently, as time passes, the disease enters an irreversible phase, resulting in an acute attack of multiple sclerosis. Patients can develop systemic symptoms, including: (1) visual impairment (2) bladder, colon and sexual dysfunction (3) motor symptoms (such as muscle weakness, spasticity, etc.) (4) sensory symptoms (such as numbness, poor stress, misalignment, etc.) (5) brain symptoms (such as tremor and ataxia) (6) other symptoms (such as fatigue, cognitive impairment and psychiatric syndrome, etc.) 2, the current multiple What are the conventional treatment methods for multiple sclerosis? Multiple sclerosis currently lacks effective drugs to cure or alleviate the progression of the disease. Because of the differences in the performance of different patients, attention should be paid to individualized treatment and symptomatic treatment: (1) immunosuppressive therapy (2) renal crisis may be treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. (3) In cases of muscle and joint pain, non-somatic anti-inflammatory drugs may be given. Valium is effective for painful spasms. Physiotherapy and sports therapy can be given to those who have limb paralysis. 3.How does stem cell transplantation treat multiple sclerosis? Stem cell transplantation is the latest treatment for multiple sclerosis. Neural stem cells (NSCs), as neural precursor cells with the potential to self-renew and differentiate into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, have a wide range of clinical applications. The transplantation can repair and improve the neurological diseases structurally and functionally, thus achieving the purpose of treating multiple sclerosis.