In 2013 the World Health Organization released a report that an estimated 15 million babies are born prematurely (born at birth before 37 weeks of gestation) each year, and this number is increasing every year. Preterm birth is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age, with approximately 1 million babies dying from complications of preterm birth in 2013, 3/4 of which could have been avoided with effective interventions, and the incidence of preterm birth ranges from approximately 5% to 18% in 184 countries worldwide. Overview of preterm birth: Preterm birth is defined as birth before 37 weeks of gestation, and a preterm infant is one who is born before 37 weeks of gestation. There are three subtypes of preterm birth according to the maternal gestational age: 1. very preterm birth: births less than 28 weeks of gestation; 2. early preterm birth: 28 weeks to <32 weeks of gestation; 3. mid- to late-term preterm birth: 32 to <37 weeks of gestation. Early full-term delivery: refers to delivery before 39 weeks of gestation. WHO guidelines suggest that induction of labor or cesarean section cannot be performed before 39 weeks of gestation, unless medically indicated. Problems with preterm birth: Globally, an estimated 15 million babies are born prematurely each year, roughly 1 in 10 births, 1 million babies die each year from complications of preterm birth, and many surviving premature babies face learning disabilities, visual and hearing impairments. Globally, prematurity is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. Based on reliable data from almost all countries, the rate of preterm births is increasing every year. Survival rates for preterm infants are not equal around the world, with half of infants born at 32 weeks (two months early) in low-income countries dying due to lack of viable, cost-effective health care such as warmth, breastfeeding support and basic care for infections and respiratory distress. In high-income countries, almost all of these infants survive. Solution: More than 3/4 of preterm infants survive with efforts such as effective interventions, basic delivery and postpartum care for each mother and infant, prenatal steroid injections (to promote fetal lung maturation in pregnant women at risk of preterm birth), kangaroo mother care (infant-mother, frequent breastfeeding skin-to-skin contact), antibiotics to treat neonatal infections and safe oxygen use. To reduce preterm birth rates, women need better family planning and reproductive rights, as well as improved preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum care. Prevention strategies: mid-pregnancy cervical length screening and intervention for those at high risk of preterm birth, identification and treatment of intrauterine infections, prevention of unindicated late preterm birth, progestogen and cervical cerclage use, prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and effective measures to reduce the rate of twin births in current assisted reproductive technologies such as selective single embryo transfer. Vision: Say no to the one million babies who die each year due to preterm birth and let them survive by supporting World Prematurity Day, which is held every November 17, and let us work to find promotional measures and pathways to prevent preterm birth.