According to the World Health Organization (WHO) assessment, about 1 in 7 couples have reproductive disorders. According to a recent survey in China, infertility accounts for 10% of the number of married couples in the country, more than double the 4.8% surveyed in 1984, and the incidence is on the rise. China is more influenced by the concept of heirarchy, and most families are eager to have children, which puts infertile couples under great psychological pressure and even causes family and even social problems such as divorce and extramarital relationships. The direct effect of ART is to enable infertile couples to realize their desire to have children, and the related problems caused by infertility will be solved, which greatly improves reproductive health. Clinical statistics show that about 20% of infertile couples are unable to have children at all without the use of ART. However, there are some people who think that ART goes against the requirement of family planning to have fewer children and therefore have a negative attitude. In fact, if we insist on giving ART only to couples who are allowed to have children, it will not lead to negative effects of overpopulation, and on the contrary, it will help to control population growth. Because ART helps couples who have undergone sterilization to regain their fertility, it has a reproductive insurance effect, which makes couples who should be sterilized but are worried that they will not be able to have children after the surgery if their children die voluntarily undergo the surgery. The reproductive insurance function of ART naturally applies to men in high-risk occupations, those with long-term exposure to radiation or toxic substances, and those who need to undergo testicular or epididymal surgery or radiotherapy or chemotherapy to freeze and store their sperm in advance in case of death or impaired sperm function and need to reproduce. Family planning requires not only fewer births, but also better births to ensure the quality of the country’s population. About 4,000 human genetic diseases have been identified, and about 1/3 of the population has one or more genetic defects. With a population of tens of millions of people with congenital disabilities and more than 200,000 newborns with genetic defects every year, the implementation of eugenics is an imperative. ART is an important tool to achieve eugenics, as it can stop the transmission of genetic diseases in clinical practice. The genetic diagnosis of donor sperm, donor eggs, donor embryos or embryos before transfer can be used for couples of reproductive age with genetic defects, regardless of whether they are infertile or not, to cut off the transmission of defective genes and abnormal chromosomes and offspring that cause genetic diseases and ensure the birth of healthy babies and achieve eugenic results. The latest third generation IVF technology is able to exclude genetic defects and deal with genetic diseases. While a woman with a normal pregnancy has only one embryo in her body, with IVF technology, multiple embryos can be produced at once. On the third day of embryo development, the medical staff picks one cell from each embryo for testing and selects the healthy one to be transferred into the woman’s body. This is why the third generation technique is also called pre-embryo transfer genetic diagnosis. Although assisted reproductive technology is a blessing for the infertile, it is only a means to help conceive, and only as a last resort. ART is also the basis for research on human reproductive processes, mechanisms of genetic diseases, and stem cell directed differentiation, etc. The clinical application of ART will promote the continuous development and progress of medicine and life sciences, and protect human reproductive health.