Swallowing is an action that we are all too familiar with in our daily lives. However, this seemingly simple process requires a variety of nerve, muscle and tissue structures to work together. Swallowing is not a random activity, but a reflex that must be elicited by a specific stimulus. In the normal state of eating, food is pushed into the pharynx due to the rolling of the tongue. The pharynx is connected to the oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx and esophagus and plays the role of a crossroads. Therefore, the pharynx and the nasal and laryngeal cavities must be closed during swallowing in order for food to enter the esophagus properly. The whole swallowing process is roughly divided into three stages: 1. The food is moved to the dorsal part of the tongue due to the action of the buccal muscles and the tongue, then the anterior part of the dorsal part of the tongue is pressed against the hard palate and the food mass is pushed to the back of the soft palate and to the pharynx, and this process is random. 2.When the food mass enters the pharynx through the soft palate, it stimulates the receptors in the soft palate and causes a series of muscular reflex contraction, the nasopharyngeal pathway and the pathway between the pharynx and the trachea are closed, respiration is suspended, the upper esophageal opening is opened, so the food mass is squeezed into the esophagus from the pharynx. 3.After entering the esophagus, the esophageal mass causes peristalsis and pushes the mass into the stomach through the cardia. Usually, the swallowing action includes four stages: oropharynx, upper esophageal dilator, esophagus itself and lower esophageal sphincter, etc. The whole process only lasts for a few seconds, and any obstruction in one of these stages can cause dysphagia. 1.organic swallowing disorder: those with abnormal changes in related organs and anatomical structures belong to organic swallowing disorder, such as surgical resection of head and neck cancer and other cancers (oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, esophageal cancer, etc.), laryngeal and tracheal incision, chemical substance burns, burns, etc.; 2.functional swallowing disorder: while swallowing disorder with abnormal function caused by damage to the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system and without organic lesions are functional swallowing disorders, such as temporary loss of nerve control of muscles involved in feeding activities (neurological diseases), and uncoordinated muscle and bone interaction (old age and frailty, dementia, myasthenia gravis, etc.). As a rule, professional and appropriate rehabilitation is the best way to restore the patient’s swallowing function. It is often assumed that swallowing disorders are mainly found in the elderly population. Although this percentage is indeed high, the fact is that older people are not the only ones who may experience problems with swallowing. A number of mouth, throat and pharyngeal diseases, esophageal diseases and inflammatory conditions, as well as neurological and muscular diseases and malfunctions can cause dysphagia or swallowing disorders. For healthy people, the act of swallowing is perfectly normal and can be thought of without even thinking about it. For people with swallowing difficulties, however, their throat closes less than normal. This is very dangerous because food can thus accumulate in the trachea and lungs and not enter the normal pathway, which may lead to lung inflammation, suffocation or even death. This problem is equally troublesome in daily life. People with swallowing disorders cannot eat normal food and can only eat softer or liquid food. Being able to eat with friends and family every day is something to look forward to and enjoy, but how frustrating it is when a person can eat chicken, duck and fish while you can only drink something.