There are two types of hydrocephalus: transmissible hydrocephalus and non-transmissible hydrocephalus. Non-traffic hydrocephalus, also known as obstructive hydrocephalus, is a blockage of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway within the ventricular system. A communicating hydrocephalus is one in which the ventricular system is connected to the subarachnoid space and there is impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation or impaired absorption of cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space. Once non-traffic hydrocephalus is diagnosed, the preferred treatment is endoscopic third ventriculostomy, which is more than 85% effective. With the development of neuroendoscopic techniques, the understanding of hydrocephalus continues to improve. First, cerebrospinal fluid is not absorbed in the arachnoid granules, but rather in the capillaries on the surface of the brain and spinal cord. Second, the etiology of many traffic hydrocephalus is not impaired cerebrospinal fluid absorption, but rather decreased intracranial compliance and increased resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow in two major ways: 1) inadequate cerebrospinal fluid circulatory drive, and 2) relative or absolute narrowing of cerebrospinal fluid circulatory pathways, or increased cerebrospinal fluid viscosity and density. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy can reduce the resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow and thus alleviate traffic hydrocephalus. According to our experience, some trafficked hydrocephalus can be treated by neuroendoscopic surgery to avoid ventriculo-abdominal shunts, avoiding complications such as shunt blockage, infection, fracture, displacement, insufficient drainage, excessive drainage, and cranial thickening after shunt surgery, and avoiding the pain of lifelong tube carrying. According to statistics, the efficiency of using neuroendoscopic surgery to treat traffic hydrocephalus can reach 67%. In some other patients, endoscopic surgery and shunt can be done at the same time with good efficacy but higher cost.