The spine is the central column of the human body, the “beam bone”, with a complex structure, with the function of weight-bearing, maintaining the body’s balance, movement, protection of the spinal cord and internal organs. Specifically, it supports and stabilizes the head and upper extremities for attachment to the ribs; it can perform large forward flexion, extension, lateral flexion and rotation movements to ensure that the body performs complex activities in daily life; it can relieve the impact and shock from outside the body and from various parts of the body to protect the spinal cord, spinal nerve roots, thoracic organs and abdominal organs. The spine has 32-34 blocks in early childhood, namely 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 3-5 caudal vertebrae. In adulthood, the sacral and caudal vertebrae are fused into one sacral and one caudal vertebrae, at which time there are only 26 vertebrae. The spine is the pillar of the body, the upper part is long and movable, similar to a brace, hanging the chest wall and abdominal wall, the lower part is short and relatively fixed, the weight of the body and the shock it receives is transmitted to the lower limbs, the spine is composed of vertebrae and intervertebral discs, which together complete the forward flexion, back extension, lateral flexion, rotation and various compound movements of the human trunk. But the successful completion of these functions depends on the integrity of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs and the harmonious movement of the associated ligaments, muscles and joints of the vertebrae. Health is the only way to be harmonious. The vertebral body is a short circular bone block in front of the vertebrae, which forms the basis of the spine and supports the main part of the body weight. The surface is a thin layer of dense bone and the interior is composed of osteophyte, which is prone to compression fractures under the action of vertical and flexion violence. The vertebral arch is located posterior to the vertebral body and is semi-annular in shape, with the ends located in the vertebral body and enclosing the vertebral foramen together with the back of the vertebral body. The vertebral foramina of all vertebrae are superimposed to form a longitudinal spinal canal with the spinal cord and periosteum inside. The part of the vertebral arch connected to the vertebral body is the vertebral arch root, and the upper and lower edges of the vertebral arch root have all the traces, which are called the superior vertebral notch and the inferior vertebral notch respectively, and the two adjacent vertebral notches form the intervertebral foramen, which is the channel of the spinal nerve. The rest of the vertebral arch is wider and is called the vertebral plate. Each vertebral arch extends seven protrusions, the posterior one is the spinous process, the pair extending to both sides is the transverse process, and the pair extending upward and downward are the superior and inferior articular processes respectively. The upper and lower synapses of two adjacent vertebrae form the synovial joint. In addition to the connection between the first and second cervical vertebrae and the connection between the sacral and caudal bones, the vertebral connection can be divided into two major parts: the intervertebral connection and the intervertebral arch connection. The intervertebral connections include the intervertebral disc and the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments, while the intervertebral connections include the articular synovial joints and the associated ligaments. The intervertebral disc has the role of bearing and evenly distributing the pressure between vertebral bodies, reducing the shock between vertebrae and maintaining the elasticity and stability of the spine. Therefore, intervertebral discs are prone to degenerative changes, especially in the cervical and lumbar spine. The protruding disc compresses the dural sac and nerve roots, causing congestion, edema, and adhesions, and the patient will experience clinical symptoms locally and in the nerve distribution area.