Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a bilateral ophthalmologic disease of the retinal capillaries that occurs in preterm infants, especially in low birth weight infants, and is characterized by retinal ischemia, neovascularization, and proliferative retinopathy. In premature newborns, the retinal vasculature is immature and continues to develop until it is fully vascularized within 1 month after birth. Oxygen is important for the development of preterm infants, but the developing blood vessels are extremely sensitive to high concentration of oxygen, and oxygen causes endothelial damage and obstruction in immature retinal vessels, followed by active proliferation, which can be complicated by myopia, retinal pigmentation, retinal traction, retinal lattice-like degeneration, fissure, detachment, closed-angle type The severity of ROP lesions is divided into stages 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Early stage lesions can be treated with laser or condensation therapy to stop the progression of the lesion and allow the child’s vision to develop normally. However, if a child’s lesion progresses to stage 4, vision is affected to some extent; after entering advanced stage 5, the success rate of surgery is low and only light perception can be preserved. It is particularly noteworthy that the disease progresses rapidly from stage 3 to stage 4 in just a few weeks. What makes adults paralyzed is that from stage 1 to stage 4, the appearance of the child is basically normal, except for obvious deformities, which are generally difficult to detect, until six months later, when parents become aware of the symptoms, thus delaying treatment. If this “window of time” is missed, the child may be plunged into darkness forever. The incidence and severity of retinopathy of prematurity is higher in preterm or low birth weight infants with the following conditions: 1) weight less than 2000g; 2) gestational age less than 32 weeks; and 3) a clear history of oxygenation. In this case, parents should be more proactive and cooperate with the doctor to have their child’s fundus checked regularly. The first examination should be done 4-6 weeks after birth, or 31-33 weeks of corrected gestational age. The use of indirect ophthalmoscopy under sedation has no significant effect on the child’s fundus, which may require several examinations, because the development of retinopathy of prematurity is a process, so the child’s fundus needs to be checked regularly. Please follow your child’s doctor’s orders until the retina is mature, so that treatment is not delayed, which may result in serious consequences. Newborns or small infants with visual abnormalities, except for obvious malformations, are generally difficult to detect, until six months later, as the symptoms are obvious, parents are aware; at this time for some congenital eye disease treatment has been too late. So how to detect abnormalities in the visual development of newborn babies as early as possible? Experts teach you a few tricks: a. Use a flashlight to shine the eyes. At this time, the newborn immediately closed his eyes. Light open eyelids shine pupil, the pupil will narrow, this is called the pupil to light reflex. Second, head-eye coordination action. The newborn low head leaning forward, eye upward; head back, eye downward, this is called doll’s eye. Third, brief original gaze. Using a large red pom-pom to move at an angle of 60 degrees at 20 cm from the eye can cause the newborn to gaze at the red ball, the head and eyes will also follow the red ball slowly move, this is called head-eye coordination. Fourth, motor nystagmus. At 20 cm from the front of the newborn’s eyes, a paper cylinder or drum (about 10 cm long and 5-6 cm in diameter) painted with black vertical stripes is rotated from one side to the other, and nystagmus occurs when the newborn looks at it, i.e., the eye follows the rotation of the cylinder or drum to make horizontal movements. This is called visuomotor nystagmus. If the above four tests are up to standard, it means that the newborn has good visual development; otherwise, you should immediately ask the doctor for further examination, especially for premature babies.