Postoperative care. ①Rehabilitation instruction: postoperative flat position, diet can be resumed after complete awakening from anesthesia. Apply Orem self-care to strengthen the patient’s self-concept and health beliefs, and encourage family members to join the process of helping the patient to recover. The patient should be urged to get out of bed early, and the significance and importance of early bed activity should be pointed out, and the patient can generally resume daily life in 2-3 days. ② Nursing interventions for complications and comorbidities: postoperative evidence-based nursing care was applied for the prevention and nursing interventions for surgery-related complications and comorbidities. Incisional pain is the most common postoperative complication. Patients should be counseled to use psychotherapy to eliminate tension; minor incisional pain generally does not require special treatment, and soft pillows under the knee to make the knee and hip joint slightly flexed can reduce the wound pain caused by pulling; oral painkillers can be given to those with obvious pain. In some patients, postoperative scrotal hematoma or seroma may occur, and the scrotum should be held up by bandage or towel, and the swelling should be absorbed and subsided within 3-5 days with 50% MGSO4 wet compress. The increase of intra-abdominal pressure in the postoperative period should be paid special attention to the common triggers such as cough, urinary retention and constipation. Give nebulized inhalation to patients with coughing and coughing sputum, and instruct them to press the incision gently with both hands when coughing. Patients with constipation should be given oral fenugreek leaves and enemas to help defecate. For patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, they can be instructed to take hypoglycemic and antihypertensive drugs when they are fully awake from anesthesia. Discharge care. Patients often think they are “cured” when they are discharged from the hospital and do not need special attention, while the “instructions” and “explanations” of medical personnel are particularly important. After discharge from the hospital, nutritious and easily digestible food is still the mainstay, and coarse fiber food is added appropriately. Daily life is generally unrestricted, and avoiding heavy lifting for 2-3 weeks is sufficient. The principle is “do what you feel you can do”. After discharge from the hospital, patients often have chronic pain and difficulty in defecation, which are often not treated by doctors in a timely manner. The part-time nurse contacted the patient by phone the day after discharge and assessed the patient’s postoperative self-perception, incision condition, the occurrence of complications, sleep, diet and second stool according to evaluation indicators. In general, nursing staff will give nursing guidance over the phone, and in difficult cases, contact the medical team to arrange outpatient follow-up; if there are no special circumstances, make an appointment to come to the hospital six days after surgery to check the incision and give a change of medication.