The incidence of hernia is extremely common in today’s society. Inguinal hernia has a high incidence and is a common disease, more common in men than women, with a 44% incidence rate in elderly men over 75 years of age, with about 20 million cases per year worldwide and a conservative estimate of 2-4 million cases in China. Hernia does not differentiate between men and women, both men and women can get hernia, but inguinal hernia is more common in men, while femoral hernia, umbilical hernia and incisional hernia are more common in women, and the treatment is the same as men. Hernia in children after the age of 1 is difficult to heal on its own and should be treated surgically. All adult hernias require prompt surgery. Patients with hernias often feel no great discomfort and ignore the hernia. As a result, the hernia often goes back and forth, causing the neck of the hernia sac to repeatedly rub and become thick and tough, which can easily lead to adhesion of the hernia sac, forming an incarcerated hernia or even a strangulated hernia. Once a hernia is converted into an incarcerated hernia, it has less chance to retract on its own, and the condition of most patients gradually worsens and can further develop into a strangulated hernia if not treated in time. The clinical symptoms of strangulated hernia are more severe. The hernia contents such as necrotic intestine can become infected secondary to peritonitis and septic sepsis, which can be life-threatening if not treated in time. With the development of medicine and advancement of technology, surgeons around the world have come up with completely new concepts on the causes and treatment of hernia, and traditional hernia treatment modalities have been abandoned due to the unresolved postoperative pain and high recurrence rate. The establishment of the Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery Group in China in 1999 has also led to further development of the treatment of extra-abdominal hernias in China. The concept of tension-free hernia repair was first introduced by American physician Lichtenstein in 1986. This method overcomes the interference with the normal tissue anatomy caused by the traditional surgery (i.e. suture repair without patching), and the layers are well defined and the surrounding tissues are tension-free after repair. This procedure is more in line with the normal physiological structure of human body, which not only can reduce the recurrence rate to a minimum after surgery, but also has the advantages of quick recovery, no need for long bed rest, few complications such as postoperative wound and scrotal hematoma, and light wound discomfort. At present, tension-free hernia repair has basically replaced the traditional surgery in the past and has become the best surgical procedure for inguinal hernia treatment unanimously recognized at home and abroad. Tension-free hernia repair is also used for femoral hernia, incisional hernia of the abdominal wall, umbilical hernia and many other conditions. Commonly used repair materials include Bard mesh plugs, Kugel patches, Millikan mesh plugs, etc.