An inguinal hernia is a hernia formed when an intra-abdominal organ protrudes through a defect in the inguinal region to the surface of the body, commonly known as a “hernia”. According to the relationship between the hernia ring and the inferior abdominal artery, inguinal hernias are divided into two types: inguinal hiatal hernia and inguinal straight hernia. There are two types of inguinal hernias: congenital and acquired. Inguinal oblique hernias protrude from the deep ring of the inguinal canal (transverse abdominal fascial oval foramen) located lateral to the inferior abdominal wall artery, and travel inward, forward obliquely through the inguinal canal, then penetrate the superficial inguinal ring (subcutaneous ring) and can enter the scrotum, accounting for 95% of inguinal hernias. Direct inguinal hernias protrude directly from the inguinal triangle on the medial side of the inferior abdominal wall from posterior to anterior without passing through the internal ring and without entering the scrotum, accounting for only 5% of inguinal hernias. The incidence of direct hernias has increased in elderly patients, but hiatal hernias are still the most common. If left untreated, it can easily lead to serious complications. Treatment: The treatment of inguinal hernia includes conservative treatment and surgery. Once the inguinal hernia fails to retract and forms an intussusception, it can lead to intestinal obstruction, even intestinal necrosis and perforation, and even death. Conservative treatment Conservative treatment includes hernia belt, hernia brace, Chinese herbal medicine, etc. These methods can relieve the symptoms or delay the development of the disease, but they cannot cure it, and some improper conservative treatments can aggravate the disease. This method is only suitable for infants under 2 years old, the elderly and frail or those with serious diseases. Special hernia belts are often used to press the hernia ring and relieve the symptoms. Surgery Surgery is the only reliable treatment for inguinal hernia in adults and is less likely to recur. Easily recurring hernias can be treated with elective surgery, while refractory hernias should be limited to short-term surgery, and incarcerated and strangulated hernias must be treated with emergency surgery to avoid serious consequences. Surgical treatment is subdivided into traditional tissue-to-tissue tension suture repair and tension-free hernia repair techniques, which are currently internationally recognized as tension-free hernia repair techniques, including open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. (1) Patients with traditional surgery are fasted before and after surgery, and they have to be bedridden for several days after surgery, given fluids and placed urinary catheters. Open tension-free hernia repair, introduced from abroad, is rapidly gaining popularity. The operation can be performed under local anesthesia, with a low recurrence rate, little pain, generally only 2-5 days of hospitalization, or even outpatient surgery, and fast postoperative recovery. (2) Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair In recent years, significant progress has been made in laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic total extraperitoneal repair (TEP for short) requires only two 0.5M and one 1M incisions without entering the abdominal cavity, pulling the hernia pouch back into the abdominal cavity extraperitoneally, and covering the herniated gap with artificial mesh. This method is suitable for the treatment of bilateral inguinal hernia and recurrent hernia, and it is less invasive, with quick recovery and low recurrence rate.