A. Basic knowledge of AIDS
1.What is AIDS?
AIDS is a serious infectious disease caused by the HIV virus, which destroys the immune function of the human body and causes a variety of incurable infections and tumors in the human body, leading to the death of the infected person. AIDS is known as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
(1) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
(2) Acquired means not genetic, but acquired under certain conditions.
(3) Immunodeficiency means that the patient’s immune system is severely compromised.
(4) Syndrome means that the patient’s multiple systems are damaged and the organism shows a combination of symptoms and pathological signs of several diseases.
(5) HIV is a very small microorganism with the medical name “human immunodeficiency virus”. The English abbreviation is HIV.
2.Characteristics of HIV (HIV)
The virus replicates quickly and there is no technology to completely remove HIV from the body. It mainly destroys T4 lymphocytes, which have immune function, and is contained in blood, semen, vaginal fluid and breast milk. The virus dies quickly in a dry environment, and general disinfectants can kill it.
3.Characteristics of AIDS
(1) Biological characteristics: caused by the virus; infectious disease; long incubation period, seemingly healthy; no vaccine prevention; no specific drug treatment; 100% mortality rate.
(2) Social characteristics: transmission is related to some specific behaviors of human individuals; these behaviors are related to changes in society; in a certain cultural environment, these behaviors are discriminated against by society; society discriminates against, belittles, and is hostile to patients; it is a biological disease and a psychosocial disease; it is both an individual problem and a social problem; it causes multifaceted losses and hinders social development; prevention and control involve Many socially sensitive issues.
4.The natural course of AIDS
(1) Window period: After HIV infection to the formation of antibodies generally for 2-18 weeks, rarely more than 6 months, HIV antibodies can not be detected in the blood, with strong infectious. There are symptoms of acute infection, but the virus cannot be detected in the body.
(2) Incubation period: the average asymptomatic virus-carrying stage is 8-10 years, the length of the incubation period varies by infection route, there are individual differences, and it is related to the patient’s own immune function, the condition of the body, the virulence and quantity of the virus, etc. There are no specific symptoms, and HIV antibodies can be detected through the laboratory, which is infectious.
(3) Acute infection period: 2-4 weeks of incubation period, similar to flu symptoms, usually appear before the seropositive turn, appear fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, swollen lymph nodes, rash, etc., generally self-limiting performance (without treatment lasts about 10 days, symptoms can disappear on their own), only 50-60% of people will appear.
Both HIV-infected patients and AIDS patients are infectious.
5.HIV transmission route
(1) Blood transmission (intravenous drug use, blood and products, controlled access to sex clinics, etc.)
(2) Mother-to-child transmission (placenta, childbirth, breastfeeding): 50% of children infected by mother-to-child transmission die within 2 years of age and 80% die within 5 years of age.
(3) Sexual transmission (homosexual, heterosexual, intersex)
6.HIV transmission route conditions
(1) A large amount of virus is discharged from the body of the infected person
(2) The discharged virus has to be transmitted to others in a certain way
(3) A sufficient amount of virus enters the body
7.HIV will not be transmitted through the following ways
(1) Working, studying or living in the same room
(2) Eating together
(3) Daily life contact (shallow kiss, hug, hand shake, swimming, sharing toilet/bath/telephone, touching the patient’s clothes/quilt/money and other general household items)
(4) Sweat, tears, saliva, urine
(5) Mosquito bite
II. AIDS prevention measures
1.What is the best way to prevent AIDS at present?
At this stage, the most realistic and effective way is to regulate and change people’s behavior through health education and behavioral interventions for its transmission route. We can regulate behavior to stop HIV transmission through blood, sex and mother-to-child transmission. At the same time, in medical and health care institutions to regulate the relevant operations to prevent medical transmission and do their own protection.
2.Specific requirements
(1) The key is to cut off the transmission environment
(2) Prevention of sexual transmission of AIDS
Be clean and maintain faithful and single sexual relationships; use condoms correctly when having risky sex; treat STDs in a timely manner.