Acute myocardial infarction can occur throughout the year, but the onset is more frequent in spring and winter, especially when the climate changes drastically, and when the cold and temperature changes greatly. Most patients have no obvious cause for the onset of the disease, and some of them have the onset of the disease after strenuous physical work, mental stress or a full meal. In addition, it can also be triggered by forceful bowel movements. It is more common in men than in women. Most of the patients have high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, high blood lipid and other predisposing factors for coronary heart disease before the onset of myocardial infarction, some have a history of angina pectoris, and some have a family history of coronary heart disease.
There are two peak periods for the onset of myocardial infarction, March to April and November to January. The incidence rate is extremely close to the cold air activity. When the temperature drops, the air pressure rises and the humidity drops, the number of myocardial infarction patients increases dramatically.
Most myocardial infarctions occur at 4-10 a.m., which is likened by experts to the “devil’s time” for the onset of cardiovascular disease, because the effects of cardiovascular drugs are generally maintained for 2-6 hours, and drugs taken at night are almost metabolized in the early morning hours. The drugs taken at night are almost metabolized in the early morning hours.
Some elderly people suffer from coronary heart disease and cannot withstand the sudden change in climate and are prone to sudden myocardial infarction. The cold air of “reverse spring” is the culprit of angina pectoris. Due to the stimulation of cold, sympathetic excitation, peripheral vasoconstriction, increased peripheral resistance, increased myocardial oxygen consumption index, increased load on the left ventricle, so that myocardial hypoxia. In addition, cold can also stimulate coronary artery spasm.
I. Clinical manifestations
1, myocardial infarction aura symptoms: more frequent angina attacks, more dramatic in nature, longer duration, poor efficacy of nitroglycerin, inconspicuous triggering factors, mostly attacks at quiet rest.
2. Chest pain: sudden onset of intolerable pressure pain behind the sternum, similar to angina pectoris, but much more severe than angina pectoris, persistent and unrelieved, sometimes radiating to the throat, jaw, left upper limb or back.
3. Accompanying symptoms: often accompanied by profuse sweating, weakness, pallor, nausea, vomiting, and ineffective with nitroglycerin. The pain is severe and lasts for a long time, and the patient is often irritable, fearful, or has a sense of near death.
4, other atypical symptoms: epigastric pain, back pain, toothache, panic, fainting, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
Pain is also the first and most prominent symptom of acute myocardial infarction. The typical site is the posterior sternum up to the pharynx or the precordial area, while the posterior part of the lower sternum is often stuffy and uncomfortable, or accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Atypical sites include the right chest, jaw, neck, teeth, and, rarely, the head, lower thighs, and even toes. The nature of the pain is cramping or pressure pain, but it can also be tightening or burning pain, often accompanied by irritability, sweating, fear, or a sense of near death. The duration is often greater than 30 minutes or even up to 10 hours.
Second, family prevention and control measures
1, to pay attention to climate change
Under the influence of severe cold or strong cold air, the coronary artery can spasm and secondary thrombosis and cause acute myocardial infarction. When the climate changes sharply and the air pressure is low, patients with coronary heart disease will feel obvious discomfort. Data show that low temperature, high wind and rain is one of the triggers of acute myocardial infarction. So whenever the climate is bad, patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to keep warm, or appropriate additional crown expansion drugs for protection.
2.Never lift heavy objects
The physiological effect is roughly similar to the forceful holding of breath, which is a common cause of myocardial infarction in elderly coronary heart patients.
3, relaxed state of mind
Maintain a calm state of mind in daily life, and be able to take anything in stride; participate in appropriate sports activities, but should avoid competitive competitions, even if the competition should be for the purpose of physical exercise to increase the fun, not to win or lose on high or low.
4.Moderate exercise
In general, to achieve the purpose of exercise, there should be at least three times a week serious physical exercise, no less than 20 minutes each time, but should not exceed 50 minutes. Start by moving your body, such as lifting your arms, stretching your legs, etc. At the end of the exercise should do some relaxation activities, should not immediately stop the activity, and should not immediately go to bed after exercise, otherwise it is easy to cause dizziness, which is not good for the heart. Before participating in physical exercise, the degree of physical tolerance should be measured. Exercise should not be excessive, excessive will lead to a sharp rise in blood pressure, so that the left ventricle overworked and prompted the occurrence of heart failure. The amount of exercise is generally dependent on age and health status. If the heart and lung function are normal, can be determined according to the maximum heart rate limit after exercise. The specific calculation is that the maximum heart rate = 220 – age number X 0.75. For example, you are 60 years old this year, then (220-60) X 0.75 = 120 times, if more than 120 times, it will have a negative impact on the body.
5.Don’t take a bath with a full meal or hunger
The water temperature is best with the body temperature, the water temperature is too high can make the skin vascular expansion significantly, a large amount of blood flow to the body surface, can cause cardiac ischemia. Bathing time should not be too long, the bath room is generally hot and not ventilated, in such an environment of high metabolic level, very easy to lack of oxygen, fatigue, elderly patients with coronary heart disease is more so. Coronary heart disease more serious patients should be in the bath with the help of others.
6, do a good job in daily life protection
Coronary heart patients are very important to take various protective measures in daily life, and also to know and identify the aura symptoms of myocardial infarction and give timely treatment.
7.Emergency measures
If the aura symptoms of myocardial infarction appear, do not panic, first of all, the patient should immediately lie down, keep quiet, avoid excessive mental tension, sublingual nitroglycerin, or immediately ask the doctor to visit the home, in situ consultation. Also be prepared to be transported to the hospital. Transportation must be smooth and comfortable. The patient should avoid walking and be transported on a stretcher when the condition is relatively stable. Continuous or intermittent use of nitroglycerin and other crown-dilating drugs may be used during transport. Treat as myocardial infarction if the symptoms are severe with ECG changes. Patients with timely management of infarction aura can be spared from acute myocardial infarction, and even if myocardial infarction occurs, the infarct is smaller in scope, with less symptoms, fewer complications, easier recovery and significantly higher survival rate.