Winter is the season of high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, so how to let the elderly at home pass through the whole winter in peace is an issue we must be concerned about. Today I will talk about the problems that the elderly need to pay attention to in winter from three aspects. 1, outdoor and indoor temperature on blood pressure hypertension, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in the epidemiology of the North than the South showed a high incidence of the characteristics of the North, which and the North winter temperature is low and long winter time has an obvious relationship. Some studies have shown that the outdoor temperature is below 50C, the temperature decreases every 100C, the systolic blood pressure increases by 6.2mmHg, and the systolic blood pressure increases every 10mmHg, the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk increases by 21%, and the mortality rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in winter increases by 41% compared with that in summer. Compared with the outdoor temperature, the indoor temperature on blood pressure is significantly greater than the outdoor temperature, the indoor temperature is reduced by 10C per daytime blood pressure increased by 0.22mmHg, nighttime blood pressure increased by 0.34mmHg. Outdoor temperature is difficult for us to control, but indoor stabilization is a way for us to adjust, so we have to remind the elderly, the winter must open the air conditioning, to maintain the indoor temperature at 22-25 degrees is appropriate. This money can not be saved, sometimes in order to save money, do not open the air conditioning, by increasing the dose and type of antihypertensive drugs to make the blood pressure up to standard, not only can not play a role in saving money, but also to increase the side effects of the drug, if there are cardio-cerebral and cerebral vascular complications, leading to serious consequences will be more than worth it. 2, the morning peak blood pressure and morning exercise to remind the elderly to pay attention to the early morning blood pressure, because the early morning hours (6-10 am) blood pressure is the highest point of blood pressure throughout the day, also known as the morning peak blood pressure. (1) Because 6-10 am is the most exciting time of the day for the sympathetic nerves, sympathetic excitation leads to increased blood pressure and heart rate, which is very unfavorable to patients with coronary heart disease; (2) At the same time, many of the elderly people take the day before the antihypertensive drugs are not really long-lasting medication, and by the next morning the antihypertensive drugs have the lowest concentration in the blood stream. And in winter, this time of year, the lowest temperature, if the elderly in this time period, especially when the sun is not yet out, at the risk of morning peak blood pressure, do strenuous exercise, resulting in early morning peak blood pressure on the basis of blood pressure, blood pressure and then further increase, prone to cerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction and other serious consequences of the elderly in the early morning exercise is the occurrence of sudden death is also not uncommon. (3) So how to avoid this situation? First of all, we should pay attention to our own blood pressure in the early morning, and we should know how to measure the blood pressure in the early morning correctly. (4) Secondly, if the early morning blood pressure rise, ask for help from the doctor, to help control the early morning blood pressure, home self-testing blood pressure recommended arm-type automatic blood pressure monitor, the blood pressure standard is <135/85mmHg. If higher than 135/85mmHg, it is recommended to switch to a long-lasting drugs, or in the evening to take an antihypertensive drugs, can be better control of the early morning blood pressure. So don't go out to exercise early in the morning, must wait for the sun to come out, after the temperature comes up, after the peak blood pressure at home self-testing, the blood pressure is stable and then come out to exercise, and don't do overly strenuous exercise, it is recommended that jogging, brisk walking and playing tai chi and other activities are appropriate. 3, statin drugs take related matters If there is a high risk of atherosclerosis patients, need to take aspirin and statin lipid-lowering drugs for prevention. Aspirin's public awareness rate is relatively high, many people mention "statin" lipid-lowering drugs (representative drugs such as Schwarzkopf, Lysol, Cortin, Lipitor, etc.), immediately associated with liver damage, and refused to use the thought of liver damage. In fact, statin is nature's best gift to mankind, and it is one of the drugs that has been proven to prolong human life. It is not only a lipid-lowering drug, but its greater role lies in its pleiotropic effects beyond lipid-lowering, such as anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammatory, reducing oxidative stress and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques. Therefore, if there is no clear contraindication (severe liver damage, creatine kinase greater than 5 times and severe rhabdomyolysis patients), please use statin lipid-lowering drugs if you have the following four conditions: (1) clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, such as acute coronary syndromes, history of myocardial infarction, stable angina pectoris, unstable angina pectoris, transient ischemic attack, cerebral infarction or peripheral arterial disease; (2) primary atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, such as acute coronary syndrome, history of myocardial infarction, stable angina, transient ischemic attack, cerebral infarction or peripheral arterial disease; (2) Primary low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) elevation ≥190 mg/dl (4.9 mmol/l); (3) Type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, aged 40-75 years, with low-density cholesterol cholesterol (LDL-C) in the range of 70-189 mg/dl (1.8-4.9 mmo/l), and no clinical signs of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; (4) Patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, aged 40-75 years, and low density cholesterol cholesterol (LDL-C) in the range of 70-189 mg/dl (1.8-4.9 mmo/l), without the (4) Those who have neither diabetes nor atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease is ≥7.5%. In the above four cases, the benefits of using statin lipid-lowering drugs outweigh the disadvantages. In the process of use, especially after the first month of taking, monitor liver function and creatine kinase, if they are normal, can be used without worry, if there are obvious muscle pain and muscle weakness and other symptoms, timely consultation. If liver function abnormality exceeds 3 times normal and creatine kinase abnormality exceeds 5 times normal, the drug can usually return to normal after stopping. After normalization, follow your doctor's advice and consider switching to another statin, or to a statin taper, or to a cholesterol absorption inhibitor (ezetimibe). It is hoped that the elderly will keep their emotions stable and positive throughout the winter, quit smoking, maintain good living habits, eat a low-salt and low-fat diet, do not overeat, do not stay up late, and control their blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids. At the same time, it is important to maintain a stable indoor temperature, the body surface does not feel the cold, and monitor the early morning blood pressure, avoiding the risk of morning peak blood pressure strenuous exercise. Disease is all about prevention, and the successful use of statins in patients who need to take statin lipid-lowering drugs is also an important target for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. It is important to take the medications that must be taken, not to worry too much, and to strengthen the monitoring of the adverse effects of the medications, as well as to strengthen the monitoring of self-symptoms, and to seek medical attention if there are any symptoms of angina pectoris and discomfort such as headache and dizziness and numbness of the limbs.