OVERVIEW
Overview.
Occlusive bronchiectasis is an irreversible obstructive lung disease in which the fine bronchi are narrowed or blocked by inflammation or fibrosis. It is a rare disease and can be fatal. Clinical manifestations include shortness of breath, cough and sputum, mainly due to ventilation dysfunction.
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Department
Respiratory Medicine
Alias
Constrictive bronchitis
Clinical Symptoms
Cough, sputum, shortness of breath, chest discomfort, cyanosis, etc.
Hazards
Severe cases can lead to respiratory failure, which is life-threatening.
Examination
Blood routine, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, X-ray chest radiograph, chest CT, pulmonary function test, histopathological examination, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made on the basis of cough, sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness and discomfort, cyanosis and other manifestations, combined with chest CT, lung function test, histopathologic examination.
Treatment principle
Symptomatic treatment and glucocorticoid drugs are mostly used.
Curability
Symptoms can be improved by active treatment.
Dietary advice
Give light, vitamin-rich, easily digestible food.
Questions you may be concerned about
Is occlusive bronchiolitis contagious?
Occlusive bronchiolitis is generally not contagious. It may be contagious if the disease is caused by a viral infection.
Occlusive bronchiolitis is not generally contagious if it is caused by inhalation factors (toxic gases, foreign bodies, gastroesophageal reflux disease, etc.), acute graft-versus-host reaction, autoimmune diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, dermatomyositis), etc. If caused by viral infections, such as measles virus and adenovirus, it may be contagious.
Occlusive bronchiolitis needs to be treated with medication at an early stage to avoid irreversible fibrotic obstruction. It is often treated with glucocorticoids such as methylprednisolone IV, macrolides such as azithromycin, and leukotriene receptor antagonists such as montelukast.
If the patient is diagnosed with occlusive bronchiolitis, it is recommended to consult a doctor and follow the doctor’s instructions in order to avoid delaying the condition.
Causes
Causes
This disease is associated with toxic gas inhalation, infection, organ transplantation, connective tissue disease, etc. The cause of idiopathic cases is unknown.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
Cough, sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cyanosis in severe cases. If there is infection or caused by connective tissue disease, there may be fever. Widespread fine wet rales or twanging sounds can be detected in both lungs, which are obvious in the middle and lower lung fields.
Diagnostic basis
1. Clinical manifestations
Cough, sputum, shortness of breath, chest tightness and discomfort, and cyanosis in severe cases. If there is infection or caused by connective tissue disease, there may be fever. Widespread fine wet rales or twanging sounds can be found in both lungs, which are obvious in the middle and lower lung fields.
2. Auxiliary examination
(1) Laboratory examination: the blood white blood cell count may be increased after infection, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be mildly increased, and the laboratory tests related to the original disease may be positive.
(2) Lung function test: obstructive ventilation dysfunction is the main cause, and some of them are mixed.
(3) Chest high-resolution CT examination: there are typical manifestations such as mosaic sign, gas occlusion sign, peripheral bronchial wall thickening and dilatation.
(4) Histopathologic examination: can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Symptomatic treatment and hormonal drug treatment are mostly adopted.
Drug therapy
Glucocorticoid therapy is used for different causes of the disease, most of which have good effects, and the efficacy of idiopathic ones is remarkable. Anti-inflammatory treatment with small-dose macrolides. Apply bronchodilators to calm the wheezing, and antibiotics can be used for combined infections.
Other treatments
Symptomatic treatment: cough suppression, expectorant, nebulized inhalation and oxygen therapy.
Prognosis
Generally the prognosis is good.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Live a regular life and combine work and rest.
2. Provide patients with a quiet and comfortable environment in the hospital room, keep the indoor air fresh and clean, and pay attention to ventilation.
3. Rinse mouth after eating to prevent oral infection.
4. Follow the doctor’s instructions for medication.
Diet
Give light, vitamin-rich, easy-to-digest food.