The trigeminal nerve is an important nerve that innervates the sensory and motor functions of the oral and maxillofacial region and is named trigeminal nerve because it is divided into three branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerves. Trigeminal neuralgia is a paroxysmal electric shock-like severe pain in the distribution area of the trigeminal nerve that lasts for seconds or minutes, with no symptoms in the interval. The pain can be caused by any irritation of the mouth or face and is more common in middle-aged and elderly people. Most of them are unilateral. The main clinical manifestation of the disease is a sudden onset of extremely intense pain in a branch of the trigeminal nerve. The pain can be spontaneous or caused by mild stimuli such as expressive movements, smiling, light touch, breeze, and brushing teeth and rinsing mouth. The pain is as severe as electric shock, pinprick, knife cut or tearing pain. During the attack, the patient makes various special movements to relieve the pain, such as rubbing, chewing and lip biting. Each attack usually lasts for a few seconds or stops abruptly after one to two minutes, and the interval between attacks is called intermittent period without any pain symptoms. The course of the disease may be cyclical, and each attack may last for weeks or months. There is no positive sign on neurological examination for primary trigeminal neuralgia, regardless of the duration of the disease. The first treatment for primary trigeminal neuralgia is pharmacotherapy, with carbamazepine as the drug of choice and other drugs such as phenytoin sodium and vitamin B12. Secondly, closed therapy, physiotherapy, anhydrous alcohol injection can be used, and trigeminal nerve peripheral branch severing and avulsion and intracranial surgery can also be performed.