The tonsils are the main lymphoid organs that make up the Waldeyer pharyngeal lymphatic ring. As local immune organs, they produce various types of immunoglobulins, and the tonsils contain T and B lymphocytes and phagocytes, which have cellular and humoral immune functions. Tonsils are an effective immune organ in childhood and have a protective effect on children. The tonsils of children before the age of 4 are like a “prophylactic injection” site, which reacts to antigenic stimuli as a result of lymphoid follicular hyperplasia causing Hypertrophy of the tonsils is a compensatory function, not a pathology, and should not be removed. Even if the hypertrophy affects breathing or swallowing, only the adenoids and one side of the tonsils can be removed to maintain the important function of “preventive injection”. tonsils of older children after 4 years of age are still the same as other lymphatic tissues, especially the secretion of IgA has a protective effect on the lower respiratory tract. 2, the tonsils also have phagocytic function with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic examination of repeated inflammatory episodes, or foci of infection or hypertrophy of the three tonsils, confirmed the presence of two types of macrophages, namely monocytes – macrophages and dendritic cells. These two types of cells are distributed in similar densities within and below the lymphoepithelium, and both have the role of phagocytosis of foreign antigens. 3, the tonsils also have a neuroreflex function human immune function of the tissue and the nervous system has a connection, including catecholamines, at least several physiologically active substances with this connection. The autonomic and sensory nerves that dominate the tonsils are the pathway for the immune system to transmit information directly to the central nervous system. The tonsils, like the spleen and lymph nodes and other lymphoid tissues, are innervated by a variety of neuropeptides. 4, tonsils on the endocrine impact tonsils and thyroid gland close relationship, inflammation of the tonsils on the thyroid gland can occur toxic effects, causing goiter and hyperthyroidism. It is also believed that tonsillar lesions first directly affect the adrenal cortex and pituitary gland, and then indirectly affect the thyroid gland. The tonsils may also have endocrine hormones that inhibit development and growth, or have a role in regulating calcium ions and carbohydrate metabolism. 5, tonsils have a digestive effect In terms of physiological relationships, tonsils seem to belong to the organs of the digestive system, in the process of digestion, there are a large number of mononuclear cells formed by the tonsils and into the mouth, and have the role of producing phagocytosis of bacteria and enzymes. The supratentorial fossa contains the waber glands, a group of tubular mucous glands consisting of 20-25 mucous gland structures with shared ducts distributed to the tonsillar envelope and opening on the tonsillar surface, whose secretions are thought to aid in the digestion of food residues in the tonsillar fossa. After tonsillectomy, the patient’s dry throat symptoms may be related to the removal of this gland, and the purulent inflammation of this gland is also a cause of peri-tonsillar abscesses. A large number of experimental and clinical studies have proven that focal tonsillitis can cause rheumatism, heart disease or kidney disease. Ultrastructural observation, serum fluorescence or radioisotope examination have also demonstrated that there is hyperimmune synthesis in focal tonsils. The tonsils have been transformed from an immune organ to a hyperimmune organ, from a defense organ to a portal and focal point of infection invasion, causing localized damage to self and distant damage to other organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and joints, due to the formation of antibodies caused by self-antigen stimulation. One study found by testing that serum IgA1 glycosylation is one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of IgA nephropathy of tonsils. Such tonsils have become harmful to the organism and should be surgically removed as early as possible. The immune effect of the tonsils is most active in children between 2 and 4 weeks of age. Therefore, it is prudent to remove the tonsils in children under 5 years of age. After the age of 4 to 5 years, the local immune function of the palatine tonsils is gradually replaced by systemic humoral and cellular immunity. Therefore, there is no need to worry about whether the removal of tonsils will reduce the immunity of children. In addition, both adults and children should not hesitate to remove the tonsils when the danger of the disease they cause far exceeds their role in protecting the immunity of the body.