Arachnoid cysts in the saddle region compressing the pituitary gland may produce visual disturbances, hypopituitarism, obstructive hydrocephalus and other symptoms. Arachnoid cysts in the saddle region may be asymptomatic in small cases, but in large cases, they may destroy the pterygoid saddle, compress the pituitary gland, optic nerve crossings, and interventricular foramen, resulting in visual disturbances, pituitary hypoplasia, and obstructive hydrocephalus, and they may also develop through the enlarged foramen of the saddle diaphragm and develop above the saddle, resulting in empty pterygoid saddle syndrome. Visual impairment refers to visual field defects or progressive vision loss. Hypopituitarism may cause thyroid disease, decreased sex hormone levels, resulting in growth retardation and developmental disorders, and adrenal disease; children with obstructive hydrocephalus may have an enlarged skull, and may have chronic or acute headaches. Empty pterygoid syndrome refers to a group of syndromes caused by the herniation of the subarachnoid space into the pterygoid saddle away from its normal physiological position, causing the pituitary gland to be compressed and deformed and the pterygoid saddle to be enlarged, and the clinical manifestations are mainly endocrine dysfunction, headache, visual impairment, etc. This disease can be treated conservatively with internal medicine, which may lead to adrenal diseases. This disease can be treated conservatively with internal medicine to control the above symptoms; in severe cases, surgery is feasible, and the patient must go to a regular hospital for diagnosis and treatment.