It is often said that “nine out of ten men have hemorrhoids”, which means that the incidence of hemorrhoids is extremely high, and if they are left untreated for a long time, they can be very harmful, such as causing anemia, causing constipation, and even affecting the sexual function of men, etc. Therefore, although hemorrhoids are not a major disease, they should not be ignored. So, what exactly is called hemorrhoids, this is not a simple question, doctors and patients often have different perceptions of them, in fact, hemorrhoids have a broad and narrow sense, the broad sense of hemorrhoids refers to all anal diseases, the narrow sense of hemorrhoids refers to modern medicine speak of hemorrhoids, which is what we now call hemorrhoids. There are many terms for hemorrhoids, such as hemorrhoids, hemorrhoids, hemorrhoid masses, hemorrhoid disease, etc. Hemorrhoids can also be divided into internal, external and mixed hemorrhoids, and the definition of internal hemorrhoids is still controversial. In the past, hemorrhoids were thought to be a soft mass formed by the flexion and expansion of the venous plexus at the anal canal. The current view is that there are three soft cushion-like tissues in the anus that are made up of blood vessels and elastic fibers, medically known as the anal cushion, which has the function of keeping the anus self-contained like a rubber washer in a faucet to prevent leaks, and if, for various reasons, this cushion changes pathologically and becomes congested, edematous, hypertrophic and displaced downward, internal hemorrhoids are formed. How to distinguish between external and internal hemorrhoids, people often think that those inside the anus are internal hemorrhoids and those outside the anus are external hemorrhoids, but this is not true. First of all, we should know that there is an irregular, tooth-like boundary 2 cm inside the anus, which is medically known as the dentate line, which is also the junction line between the mucous membrane and the skin, so we can say that internal hemorrhoids are located above the dentate line and external hemorrhoids are located below the dentate line. That is the difference between internal and external hemorrhoids. External hemorrhoids can be further divided into three types, thrombosed external hemorrhoids, connective tissue external hemorrhoids and varicose external hemorrhoids. The difference between internal and external hemorrhoids is that they are in the same location, that is, when they are connected and grow together. The cause of the formation of hemorrhoids is complex, so we will not talk about it, but the formation of hemorrhoids is related to the standing position of the human body, and it is generally believed that animals do not suffer from hemorrhoids. Long standing, sitting, poor diet, spicy food, alcohol consumption and little physical activity are all triggers for the formation of hemorrhoids. The main symptom of hemorrhoids is blood in the stool, sometimes it manifests itself as blood dripping from the stool, sometimes it manifests itself as blood found in the toilet after the stool, sometimes it manifests itself as blood staining the hand paper, no matter what, these manifestations are called blood in the stool, generally speaking the blood is fresh, the amount of bleeding can be more or less, in serious cases it can lead to haemorrhage, and over time it can even cause anemia. Blood in the stool is intermittent, sometimes intermittent, sometimes light and sometimes heavy. The other symptom is prolapse, which means that the hemorrhoid comes out of the anus during defecation. Some patients can retract it on their own, that is, after defecation, the hemorrhoid nucleus does not come out and returns to its pre-poo state, while some patients cannot retract it on their own and need to send it back by hand. In some cases, the hemorrhoid cannot be returned to the anus by hand, and in some cases, the hemorrhoid cannot be returned to the anus after prolapsing, and the secondary infection, edema and necrosis, and painful symptoms, are called embedded hemorrhoids. There are some other symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as anal dampness and itching, anal pain and discomfort, as well as the inability to wipe clean with paper after a bowel movement. How to know if you have hemorrhoids, based on your own judgment or listening to other people’s experience, is often incorrect and even misleads the condition, leading to adverse consequences, because, there are many patients who easily mistake rectal cancer for hemorrhoids, resulting in delayed treatment. Therefore, it is very necessary to visit a hospital, and only through examination can a doctor confirm whether hemorrhoids are present. Regarding the treatment of hemorrhoids, there are many methods, which can be broadly divided into three types, medication, surgery and other treatments. The common methods of medication include internal and external treatment, and there are Chinese and Western medicines for internal use. The external treatment methods include fumigation, ointment external application, sitting medicine (i.e. suppositories), etc. There are various surgical treatments for hemorrhoids, including injection, excision, ligation, anal dilation, etc. In recent years, there are many new methods, such as laser, microwave, capacitive field, copper ion, PPH, etc. Other therapies include physical therapy, freezing, acupuncture, picking treatment, etc. There are many treatment methods, so it is impossible to describe them all. The most important thing is to go to the hospital and listen to the doctor’s advice. At the same time, we should pay attention to the following issues: adjusting the work and living: we should combine work and rest, living in a normal way, taking proper rest, working reasonably, and trying to avoid standing, sitting and walking for a long time, not living in a humid place for a long time, and not having excessive intercourse, especially during the onset and treatment. Pay attention to diet: eat less stimulating food, such as pepper, chili, mustard, onion and garlic, etc.; drink less alcohol. Eat more fruits and vegetables and drink more water. Diet should not be too fine, eat grains and cereals, meat and vegetables with. Diet should be regular, not too full and too hungry. Develop normal bowel habits, toilets regularly, do not read the newspaper when defecating, do not abuse laxatives. At the same time, keep a happy mood, appropriate physical activity is also necessary.