How is urinary stone disease treated? Minimally invasive treatments for urinary stones are as follows: conservative treatment: for kidney stones and ureteral stones less than 6mm in diameter; extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: for kidney stones less than 2cm and upper ureteral stones less than 1.5cm; minimally invasive intraluminal lithotripsy: the most commonly used treatment. Traditional open surgery: relatively invasive, with a certain percentage of complications, especially local adhesions and stenosis at the surgical site after surgery. Laparoscopy, etc. Urolithotripsy is divided into two major categories: extracorporeal and intracorporeal lithotripsy 1. extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) 2. various intracorporeal lithotripsy (IL), including: percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL); ureteroscopic lithotripsy; transurethral cystoscopic lithotripsy. The lithotripsy methods include: laser (holmium laser, dual-frequency laser, etc.); pneumatic ballast; liquid electricity; combined ultrasound and pneumatic ballast (EMS), etc.