Urinary tract stones are one of the common diseases in urology, and half of the outpatients come to the clinic for urinary tract stones. Urinary stones bring serious harm to people’s life and health. 1, age (preferably in 20-50 years old), gender (more men than women), occupation (exposed to heat sources and dehydration, such as steel workers, glass factory workers, and long-term sedentary staff), region (high incidence in the south), dietary habits (spicy, alcohol, oxalic acid, high cholesterol, high fat, high calorie, high calcium food), bad habits (drinking less water, long time (sedentary, often hold urine), irritability and race, genetics, etc. on the formation of stones and influence greatly. 2. Metabolic abnormalities: Common causes are listed below: ① Hypercalcemia: some diseases such as hyperparathyroidism, nodular disease, hyperthyroidism, malignant tumors, multiple myeloma, etc. can cause hypercalcemia; ② Hypercalciuria: such as distal tubular acidosis, long-term bed rest, bone Paget’s disease, excessive glucocorticoids, hyperthyroidism, vitamin D toxicity, etc.; ③ Hyperoxaluria. Excessive intake of VitC, excessive intake of oxalic acid in the diet, reduced intake of Ca in the diet, VitB6 deficiency, etc.; ④ Hyperuricuria, such as gout and other diseases. 3. Urinary tract obstruction, infectious factors and the presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract are also the main causes of stone formation. ① Obstruction can lead to infection and stone formation. Common clinical diseases such as pelvic ureteral junction stenosis, bladder neck stenosis, spongy kidney, renal ureteral malformation, ureteral orifice bulge, renal cyst, renal calyx diverticulum, horseshoe kidney, intrarenal type renal pelvis, and renal calyx neck stenosis can cause urinary retention, which can induce stone formation. (2) Repeated urinary tract infections may cause tiny crystals or dislodged cells to collect in the body and form stones. ③ The presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract is also a major factor in inducing stone formation. For example, metal, straw, silk, etc. can be retained in the bladder through the urethra to induce bladder stones, in addition, the double J tube left for too long after urological surgery can also induce stone formation. To sum up, only by clarifying the causes of stones and paying attention to these problems can we reduce the formation and recurrence of stones.