What is amblyopia? Amblyopia is a relatively common eye disease in children, with a prevalence of about 3 percent. Amblyopia only occurs in infants and toddlers who are not yet visually mature. Because the critical period of visual development (before 3 years old) and the sensitive period (6-8 years old) are the fastest periods of visual development, they are also the period when visual damage is most likely to occur permanently when exposed to abnormal environmental stimuli. Therefore, timely correction of refractive errors, refractive aberrations, strabismus and removal of visual deprivation factors within the critical and sensitive periods of visual development is the fundamental way to prevent the occurrence of amblyopia. Pediatricians and ophthalmologists should have a strong awareness of the prevention of amblyopia, and should pay attention to the possible factors that may produce amblyopia in infants and children, and detect them early and correct them in a timely manner by means of feasible tests. In order to release or overcome the diplopia caused by strabismus, the visual cortical center of the brain inhibits the visual impulses transmitted from the strabismic eye, and the macular function of the strabismic eye is suppressed for a long time, resulting in amblyopia. This kind of amblyopia is a consequence of strabismus, which is secondary and functional. Therefore, the visual acuity of amblyopic eyes can be improved by early and appropriate treatment, but there are a few stubborn cases with little improvement in visual acuity despite long-term treatment. (2) Refractive amblyopia (anisometropic amblyuopia), due to the large refractive difference between the two eyes, in the macula of the two eyes to form objects of different clarity or size difference is too large, fusion difficulties, the brain cortical center can only inhibit the object from the refractive error of the larger eye, day after day, the occurrence of amblyopia, this amblyopia is functional, after treatment may be restored vision, if early If the refractive error is corrected early, it is possible to prevent its occurrence. (C) formdeprivation amblyopia, in infancy, such as corneal clouding, ptosis, congenital cataract, or even inappropriate masking of one eye, so that the light can not fully enter the eye, depriving the macula of the eye to receive normal light stimulation, the development of visual function is inhibited and amblyopia occurs, this kind of amblyopia, not only low vision, but also poor prognosis. And the prognosis is also poor. (D) Refractive amblyopia (ametroicamblyopia), mostly bilateral, occurs in people with high refractive error who have not worn corrective glasses, after wearing appropriate glasses, can gradually improve vision, but it takes a long time, usually 2 to 3 years. V) congenital amblyopia (congenitalamblyopia), the pathogenesis of which is not yet well understood, may be due to small hemorrhages in the retina or optic pathway after birth and affect the normal development of visual function, some secondary to nystagmus, total color blindness, etc. This amblyopia has a poor prognosis. The examination of amblyopia: visual acuity: visual acuity assessment by visual acuity chart or VEP; refractive examination: shadowing or optometry with dilated ciliary muscle paralysis; fundus examination: extremely important, first of all, to exclude the fundus disorders causing low vision, if the fundus is normal and the patient has a history or clinical findings (e.g., strabismus), the diagnosis of developmental amblyopia is likely to be correct. Amblyopia complications: Pediatric amblyopia is often not purely existential, but is usually complicated by refractive error and strabismus, refractive error is farsightedness, myopia, astigmatism, most of the pediatric amblyopia complications are strabismus and farsightedness, astigmatism, however, these children strabismus and refractive error components through the best correction of lenses or surgery, vision is still not very much improved, so the cause of amblyopia is not a refractive problem, but Therefore, the cause of amblyopia is not a refractive problem, but a functional problem, which can be complicated by refractive aberrations, congenital cataracts, complete ptosis, etc. Eye care tips: First, pay attention to eye hygiene during infancy and early childhood, so that children’s towels, handkerchiefs and washbasins are used separately from adults to avoid contracting acute conjunctivitis, trachoma and other infectious eye diseases; teach children not to rub their eyes with dirty hands; and not to play with scissors, needles and other sharp and hard objects to avoid hurting their eyes. Second, teach children to pay attention to eye hygiene, children in playing with toys, watching comic books or drawing do not distance too close, to maintain the correct posture, and adequate lighting, not too dark or too strong, usually in children at the age of 4 years old, it is best to go to the hospital to check the vision, once the situation is found, should be timely treatment, children to school age, pay attention to the combination of work and rest, adhere to do eye exercises to prevent myopia. Thirdly, children and adolescents are growing and nurturing period, should encourage children to eat more coarse grains, mixed grains, vegetables, fruits, less food with high sugar content, it is best not to eat snacks, do not deviate from the diet, should also encourage children to go outdoors more often, participate in beneficial physical exercise, pay attention to the supply of eye nutrition. Fourth, pay attention to the prevention of infectious eye diseases and systemic diseases, many infectious eye diseases are transmitted through direct contact, no matter what eye disease they have, they should go to the hospital for treatment in a timely manner, some systemic diseases also have a great impact on the eyes, such as tuberculosis, kidney disease, etc. Therefore, we should pay attention to prevention and control to avoid delaying the disease. Is amblyopia hereditary? Amblyopia is not hereditary. However, farsightedness or nearsightedness is hereditary, so be sure to pay attention to your child’s eyesight and have his eyesight measured when he is able to identify his vision chart to see if his eyesight is normal. If there is a gap with children of the same age, you should pay attention to your child’s optometry to see if he needs an eye prescription. Can amblyopia cause blindness? No. Medically speaking, amblyopia is a curable vision defect. When the two eyes are visually stimulated differently, the brain usually selects the image that is clear and suppresses the image that is blurred, so amblyopia usually develops in the eye with insufficient visual stimulation. Patients younger than six years old have not yet completed fundus development, and the key to better improvement is visual training. Patients older than six years of age generally have poor results with visual training because the fundus is complete. Amblyopia generally does not develop in adulthood, and there is no such thing as blindness.